Psychiatric symptoms in adults with learning disability and challenging behaviour.

BACKGROUND

In people with learning disability one of the most frequent reasons for psychiatric referral is challenging behaviour.

AIMS

To determine what proportion of people with challenging behaviour actually have psychiatric symptoms.

METHOD

Using an instrument specifically designed for use by informants, a sample of 320 people with administratively defined learning disability, with and without challenging behaviour, was surveyed for the presence of psychiatric symptoms.

RESULTS

Increasing severity of challenging behaviour was associated with increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, depression showing the most marked association. Anxiety symptoms were associated with the presence of self-injurious behaviour.

CONCLUSIONS

There is clearly the potential for reducing challenging behaviour by improved identification and treatment of coexisting psychiatric disorders. The possibility of modifying diagnostic criteria for depression in people with learning disability, by including aspects of challenging behaviour, merits attention.