德国智力发育障碍者焦虑和抑郁自评问卷（SAD-IE）的结构分析
Structural Analysis of the German Self-Report Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression in People With Disorders of Intellectual Development (SAD-IE).
作者信息
Gabriel Anika, Helmes Almut W, Brecht Charlotte T, Bräutigam Julia I, Wirtz Markus A, Bengel Jürgen
机构信息
University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
University of Education, Freiburg, Germany.
出版信息
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2025 May-Jun;32(3):e70105. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70105.
BACKGROUND
Anxiety disorders and depression are among the most common mental disorders in people with disorders of intellectual development (DID). As many symptoms are not directly observable, diagnoses should not be based solely on third-party assessment. The aim of the study was the development and structural analysis of a self-report questionnaire (SAD-IE) for anxiety and depression in people with DID.
METHODS
Based on the specific diagnostic criteria of DM-ID-2, a trial version of the SAD-IE with 49 items was constructed in plain language. After contacting N = 233 institutions across all 16 German federal states, N = 286 adults with DID and their proxies were included. The factorial structure of the SAD-IE was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data (CFA, WLSMV estimation).
RESULTS
The CFA showed that a two-factor model captured the latent structure of the SAD-IE best (CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.040, SRMR = 0.069), with 39 of the original items having sufficient discriminatory power. The first factor, depression, was reliably represented by 22 items (r (it,c) = 0.520-0.770; α = 0.900, ω = 0.901) and the second factor, anxiety, by 17 items (r (it,c) = 0.504-0.796; α = 0.895, ω = 0.897).
CONCLUSION
The German SAD-IE is a reliable self-report questionnaire measuring the major symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with borderline, mild, or moderate DID. It provides the foundation for an urgently needed self-assessment in addition to existing third-party assessments, ensuring a more comprehensive diagnosis. Further evaluation in practice is recommended.
SUMMARY
The SAD-IE is a self-report questionnaire in German that can be completed independently or with little assistance by people with borderline or mild to moderate DID. Instructions and items of the SAD-IE are written in plain language, and pictures for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are provided. The SAD-IE takes into account the deviations in anxiety and depression in people with DID compared to the general population. The SAD-IE includes relevant items to diagnose anxiety and depression, as well as two additional items to measure general psychological distress. The SAD-IE is designed as a screening tool but could also be used to monitor subjective changes in symptoms during follow-up assessments or in research.
背景
焦虑症和抑郁症是智力发育障碍（DID）患者中最常见的精神障碍之一。由于许多症状无法直接观察到，诊断不应仅基于第三方评估。本研究的目的是开发并对一份针对DID患者焦虑和抑郁的自填问卷（SAD-IE）进行结构分析。
方法
根据DM-ID-2的具体诊断标准，用通俗易懂的语言构建了一个包含49个条目的SAD-IE试用版。在联系了德国16个联邦州的N = 233家机构后，纳入了N = 286名患有DID的成年人及其代理人。使用有序数据的验证性因子分析（CFA，WLSMV估计）对SAD-IE的因子结构进行分析。
结果
CFA表明，两因素模型最能捕捉SAD-IE的潜在结构（CFI = 0.956，TLI = 0.954，RMSEA = 0.040，SRMR = 0.069），原始条目中有39条具有足够的区分度。第一个因子为抑郁，由22个条目可靠地代表（r（it,c）= 0.520 - 0.770；α = 0.900，ω = 0.901），第二个因子为焦虑，由17个条目代表（r（it,c）= 0.504 - 0.796；α = 0.895，ω = 0.897）。
结论
德语版SAD-IE是一份可靠的自填问卷，用于测量边缘型、轻度或中度DID患者焦虑和抑郁的主要症状。它为除现有第三方评估之外迫切需要的自我评估提供了基础，确保更全面的诊断。建议在实践中进行进一步评估。
总结
SAD-IE是一份德语自填问卷，边缘型或轻度至中度DID患者可独立完成或在很少协助的情况下完成。SAD-IE的说明和条目用通俗易懂的语言编写，并提供了用于辅助和替代沟通（AAC）的图片。SAD-IE考虑到了DID患者与一般人群相比在焦虑和抑郁方面的差异。SAD-IE包括用于诊断焦虑和抑郁的相关条目，以及另外两个用于测量一般心理困扰的条目。SAD-IE被设计为一种筛查工具，但也可用于在随访评估或研究中监测症状的主观变化。
Zotero 插件