Abuhammour W, Kumar A, Patterson M J
Department pf Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316, USA.
Adolesc Med. 2000 Oct;11(3):663-80.
Pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised adolescent are important causes of significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in the fields of chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and use of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapies have led to significant improvement in the outcome of patients with malignancy and a variety of other disorders. HIV infection has become a major additional cause of immune suppression. In turn, physicians are encountering growing numbers of patients with an impaired immune system presenting with respiratory and other infections. This article presents a brief review of defense mechanisms in the respiratory tract, selected conditions leading to impaired immune responses in the adolescent, specific pulmonary pathogens and their evaluation in the immunocompromised adolescent, and general considerations of the management of pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised adolescent. Infections of the upper respiratory tract and pulmonary infections seen in adolescents with cystic fibrosis are not discussed.
免疫功能低下青少年的肺部感染是导致严重发病和死亡的重要原因。化疗、器官移植以及皮质类固醇和免疫抑制疗法领域的进展已使恶性肿瘤和其他多种疾病患者的治疗结果有了显著改善。艾滋病毒感染已成为免疫抑制的一个主要新增原因。相应地，医生们遇到越来越多免疫系统受损且伴有呼吸道及其他感染的患者。本文简要综述了呼吸道的防御机制、导致青少年免疫反应受损的特定情况、特定的肺部病原体及其在免疫功能低下青少年中的评估，以及免疫功能低下青少年肺部感染管理的一般注意事项。本文不讨论患有囊性纤维化青少年的上呼吸道感染和肺部感染。
