Sonin A
American Radiology Services, Timonium, MD 21093, USA.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2000;4(2):171-91. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-13011.
Fractures and dislocations of the elbow usually occur secondary to indirect trauma. In the adult, fractures of the distal humerus almost always involve the condyles. Fractures of the radial head and neck may be subtle, and the appearance of secondary signs, such as the elevated fat pads from an elbow joint effusion, may be diagnostically useful. Dislocations of the elbow can be associated with fractures, such as those involving the ulnar coronoid process. In children, the presence of epiphyseal and apophyseal ossification centers can confuse the inexperienced observer in the setting of elbow trauma. Osteochondral injury may be difficult to identify without adjunctive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Soft tissue injury at the elbow is also well characterized by MR imaging. Fractures of a single forearm bone may occur in isolation, usually due to a direct blow, but these are usually associated with fracture of displacement of the other bone in that forearm.
肘部骨折和脱位通常继发于间接创伤。在成年人中，肱骨远端骨折几乎总是累及髁部。桡骨头和颈部骨折可能不明显，而诸如肘关节积液导致脂肪垫升高的间接征象可能具有诊断价值。肘关节脱位可伴有骨折，如尺骨冠状突骨折。在儿童中，骨骺和骺软骨骨化中心的存在可能会使经验不足的观察者在肘部创伤情况下感到困惑。若无辅助成像技术，如磁共振成像，骨软骨损伤可能难以识别。肘部软组织损伤也可通过磁共振成像很好地显示。单根前臂骨骨折可能单独发生，通常是由于直接打击，但这些骨折通常伴有同一前臂另一根骨的移位骨折。
