Arora S, McJunkin C, Wehrer J, Kuhn P
Family Medicine Department, Hamot Medical Center, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA.
Pediatrics. 2000 Nov;106(5):E67. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.5.e67.
To determine factors influencing feeding decisions, breastfeeding and/or bottle initiation rates, as well as breastfeeding duration.
A family medicine practice of a 530-bed community-based hospital in northwestern Pennsylvania.
All mothers whose infants received well-child care from birth to 1 year of age.
A survey of 28 simple questions was developed and mailed to 245 mothers. The survey assessed: 1) demographics, 2) prenatal and postnatal care, 3) sources of breastfeeding information, 4) timing of decision, 5) preference, 6) type of feeding selected, 7) duration of breastfeeding, 8) factors influencing decisions to breastfeed and/or to bottle-feed, and 9) factors that would have encouraged bottle-feeding mothers to breastfeed.
The breastfeeding initiation rate was 44.3%. By the time the infant was 6 months old, only 13% of these were still breastfeeding. The decision to breastfeed or to bottle-feed was most often made before pregnancy or during the first trimester. The most common reasons mothers chose breastfeeding included: 1) benefits the infant's health, 2) naturalness, and 3) emotional bonding with the infant. The most common reasons bottle-feeding was chosen included: 1) mother's perception of father's attitude, 2) uncertainty regarding the quantity of breast milk, and 3) return to work. By self-report, factors that would have encouraged bottle-feeding mothers to breastfeed included: 1) more information in prenatal class; 2) more information from TV, magazines, and books; and 3) family support.
To overcome obstacles, issues surrounding perceived barriers, such as father's attitude, quantity of milk, and time constraints, need to be discussed with each parent. To achieve the goal of 75% of breastfeeding mothers, extensive education regarding the benefits must be provided for both parents and optimally the grandmother by physicians, nurses, and the media before pregnancy or within the first trimester.
确定影响喂养决策、母乳喂养和/或奶瓶喂养起始率以及母乳喂养持续时间的因素。
宾夕法尼亚州西北部一家拥有530张床位的社区医院的家庭医学诊所。
所有其婴儿从出生到1岁接受儿童健康保健的母亲。
设计了一项包含28个简单问题的调查问卷，并邮寄给245位母亲。该调查评估了：1）人口统计学特征；2）产前和产后护理；3）母乳喂养信息来源；4）决策时间；5）偏好；6）选择的喂养方式；7）母乳喂养持续时间；8）影响母乳喂养和/或奶瓶喂养决策的因素；9）会促使奶瓶喂养母亲进行母乳喂养的因素。
母乳喂养起始率为44.3%。到婴儿6个月大时，其中只有13%仍在进行母乳喂养。母乳喂养或奶瓶喂养的决策大多在怀孕前或孕早期做出。母亲选择母乳喂养最常见的原因包括：1）对婴儿健康有益；2）自然；3）与婴儿建立情感联系。选择奶瓶喂养最常见的原因包括：1）母亲对父亲态度的看法；2）对母乳量的不确定；3）重返工作岗位。据自我报告，会促使奶瓶喂养母亲进行母乳喂养的因素包括：1）产前课程提供更多信息；2）从电视、杂志和书籍中获得更多信息；3）家庭支持。
为克服障碍，需要与每位家长讨论围绕感知障碍的问题，如父亲的态度、奶量和时间限制。为实现75%的母亲进行母乳喂养这一目标，医生、护士和媒体必须在怀孕前或孕早期为父母双方，最好也为祖母提供关于母乳喂养益处的广泛教育。
