Estafanous F G, Viljoen J F, Barsoum K N
Anesth Analg. 1975 Nov-Dec;54(6):730-5. doi: 10.1213/00000539-197511000-00013.
Pneumothorax developed in 4 patients as a complication of mechanical ventilation and the manifestations were different in each case. The first patient had had a previous pneumomediastinum with symptoms of chest pain and rise in blood pressure. The second became restless and "fought" the ventilator. The third had pneumothorax previously and developed tachycardia and arrhythmias, and the level of end-expiratory pressure in the manometer of the ventilator rose above the present level. In the fourth patient, subcutaneous and submucous emphysema were apparent before pneumothorax was diagnosed. Pneumothorax was diagnosed promptly in all these patients, permitting adequate management without additional complications.
4例患者发生气胸，作为机械通气的并发症，且每例的表现都不同。首例患者既往有纵隔气肿，伴有胸痛和血压升高症状。第二例变得烦躁不安并“对抗”呼吸机。第三例既往有气胸，出现心动过速和心律失常，呼吸机压力计上的呼气末压力水平高于当前水平。在第四例患者中，在诊断气胸之前皮下和黏膜下气肿就很明显。所有这些患者的气胸均得到及时诊断，从而得以进行充分治疗且未出现其他并发症。
