Paul C, Wilson M, Dickson N, Sharples K, Skegg D C
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin.
N Z Med J. 2000 Sep 22;113(1118):390-4.
To improve understanding of the HIV epidemic in New Zealand through use of an enhanced voluntary reporting system for new diagnoses of HIV.
Routine reporting of new HIV diagnoses by the two laboratories that perform confirmatory HIV antibody testing, to the Department of Health and later to the AIDS Epidemiology Group, has been in place since 1985. From January 1996, this was supplemented by a questionnaire about demographic characteristics and circumstances of HIV exposure sent to clinicians requesting the HIV test.
From January 1996 to December 1998, 260 new diagnoses of HIV were reported (205 males, 55 females) and extra information was obtained from clinicians for 253 (97.3%) people. HIV diagnosis rate was highest for 'other' ethnicity and similar for European, Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups. Sexual intercourse between men was the commonest mode of infection (43.5%), followed by heterosexual intercourse (40.0%) and injecting drug use (2.7%). Places of infection were New Zealand (38.5%), Australia (7.7%), 'other' overseas (45.4%) and unknown (8.5%). Heterosexual infections were acquired through contact with a person in or from a high prevalence area (mainly in Africa or Asia) for 86.7% of males and 68.2% of females. Second generation heterosexual transmission was rare.
Introduction of an enhanced surveillance system has been successful. Results confirm continuing spread of HIV in New Zealand amongst men who have sex with men, and suggest low levels of heterosexual and injecting drug use transmission in New Zealand. Of major importance in the occurrence of heterosexual infection is the role of imported HIV.
通过使用强化的自愿报告系统来报告新诊断的艾滋病病毒（HIV）病例，以增进对新西兰HIV疫情的了解。
自1985年以来，进行HIV抗体确证检测的两家实验室一直向卫生部以及后来的艾滋病流行病学小组常规报告新诊断的HIV病例。从1996年1月起，通过向申请HIV检测的临床医生发送一份关于人口统计学特征和HIV暴露情况的问卷对上述报告进行补充。
1996年1月至1998年12月，共报告了260例新诊断的HIV病例（男性205例，女性55例），从临床医生那里获取了253例（97.3%）患者的额外信息。“其他”种族的HIV诊断率最高，欧洲、毛利和太平洋岛民种族群体的诊断率相近。男性之间的性行为是最常见的感染方式（43.5%），其次是异性性行为（40.0%）和注射吸毒（2.7%）。感染地点为新西兰（38.5%）、澳大利亚（7.7%）、“其他”海外地区（45.4%）和不明地区（8.5%）。86.7%的男性和68.2%的女性通过与来自高流行地区（主要在非洲或亚洲）的人接触而感染异性传播HIV。二代异性传播很少见。
强化监测系统的引入取得了成功。结果证实HIV在新西兰男男性行为者中持续传播，并表明新西兰异性传播和注射吸毒传播水平较低。在异性感染的发生中，输入性HIV的作用至关重要。
