Tew B, Laurence K M
Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 1975(35):129-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1975.tb03592.x.
A group of 59 children with spina bifida, and a group of matched controls, were given detailed psychological and educational tests at five and seven years. The scores of the control group were similar to the national figures. The scores of the children with spina bifida only (without hydrocephalus) were closest to normal, but still below average. Those with spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus were in the backward range of abilities, and those with shunt-treated hydrocephalus had scores which generally were incompatible with normal levels of intelligence and attainment. Abnormal visuo-perceptual functioning closely correlated with defects in intelligence. The results of the school-attainment tests paralleled the distribution of intelligence but many of the children were found to be functioning below expectation for both age and measured intelligence.
一组59名患有脊柱裂的儿童和一组配对对照组在5岁和7岁时接受了详细的心理和教育测试。对照组的分数与全国数据相似。仅患有脊柱裂（无脑积水）的儿童分数最接近正常水平，但仍低于平均水平。患有自发性静止性脑积水的儿童能力处于落后范围，而接受分流治疗脑积水的儿童分数总体上与正常智力和学业水平不符。视觉感知功能异常与智力缺陷密切相关。学业测试结果与智力分布情况相似，但发现许多儿童的表现低于其年龄和测得智力所预期的水平。
