Gerr F, Mani L
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Prim Care. 2000 Dec;27(4):865-76. doi: 10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70181-0.
Low back pain is a common problem among working adults in the United States. Occupational risk factors for low back pain include forceful lifting, bending and twisting of the trunk, whole body vibration and heavy manual labor. The initial assessment of the patient with low back pain requires obtaining an occupational history to identify risk factors in the workplace in addition to the usual inquiries and physical assessment. For those with uncomplicated low back pain, minimal use of medical tests and rapid return to limited activity are indicated. Long-term prevention of low back pain requires modification of occupational or other risk factors.
在美国，腰痛是在职成年人中常见的问题。腰痛的职业风险因素包括用力提举、躯干弯曲和扭转、全身振动以及繁重的体力劳动。对腰痛患者进行初步评估时，除了常规询问和体格检查外，还需要了解职业病史以确定工作场所中的风险因素。对于单纯性腰痛患者，建议尽量少用医学检查，并尽快恢复有限的活动。长期预防腰痛需要改变职业或其他风险因素。
