King S D, Ritsema J
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1397, USA.
Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1137-40. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5494.1137.
Numerical models demonstrate that small-scale convection develops in the upper mantle beneath the transition of thick cratonic lithosphere and thin oceanic lithosphere. These models explain the location and geochemical characteristics of intraplate volcanos on the African and South American plates. They also explain the presence of relatively high seismic shear wave velocities (cold downwellings) in the mantle transition zone beneath the western margin of African cratons and the eastern margin of South American cratons. Small-scale, edge-driven convection is an alternative to plumes for explaining intraplate African and South American hot spot volcanism, and small-scale convection is consistent with mantle downwellings beneath the African and South American lithosphere.
数值模型表明，在厚克拉通岩石圈与薄海洋岩石圈过渡带下方的上地幔中会形成小规模对流。这些模型解释了非洲板块和南美洲板块上板内火山的位置和地球化学特征。它们还解释了非洲克拉通西缘和南美洲克拉通东缘下方地幔过渡带中相对较高的地震剪切波速度（冷下行流）的存在。小规模的边缘驱动对流是解释非洲和南美洲板内热点火山活动的一种替代地幔柱的方式，并且小规模对流与非洲和南美洲岩石圈下方的地幔下行流相一致。
