Patja K, Iivanainen M, Vesala H, Oksanen H, Ruoppila I
Department of Child Neurology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2000 Oct;44 ( Pt 5):591-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2000.00280.x.
A 35-year follow-up study based on a nation-wide population study of the life expectancy of people with intellectual disability (ID) was undertaken. The study population consisted of a total of 60,969 person-years. A prospective cohort study with mortality follow-up for 35 years was used and the life expectancy of people with ID was calculated for different levels of intelligence. Proportional hazard models were used to assess the influence of level of intelligence and associated disorders on survival. People with mild ID did not have poorer life expectancy than the general population and subjects with mild ID did not have lower life expectancy in the first 3 decades of life. In cases with profound ID, the proportion of expected life lost was > 20% for almost all age groups. The female preponderance was manifested from the age of 60 years onwards, 25 years later than in the general population. Respectively, survival between sexes differed less. Epilepsy and/or hearing impairment increased the relative risk of death for all levels of ID. The prevalence of people with ID over 40 years was 0.4%. People with ID now live longer than previously expected, and the ageing of people with mild ID appears to be equal to that of the general population, posing new challenges to health care professionals.
开展了一项基于全国性人群研究的针对智障人士预期寿命的35年随访研究。研究人群总计60969人年。采用了一项进行35年死亡率随访的前瞻性队列研究，并针对不同智力水平计算了智障人士的预期寿命。使用比例风险模型评估智力水平和相关疾病对生存的影响。轻度智障人士的预期寿命并不比普通人群差，且轻度智障受试者在生命的前三十年中预期寿命也不低。在重度智障病例中，几乎所有年龄组的预期寿命损失比例都超过20%。女性优势从60岁开始显现，比普通人群晚25年。男女之间的生存率差异相对较小。癫痫和/或听力障碍增加了所有智障水平人群的相对死亡风险。40岁以上智障人士的患病率为0.4%。如今，智障人士的寿命比之前预期的更长，轻度智障人士的老龄化情况似乎与普通人群相当，这给医疗保健专业人员带来了新的挑战。
