Atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites in the brain and pituitary gland of the toad, Bufo marinus: localisation and receptor characterisation.

The distribution and nature of 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites have been examined in the brain and pituitary gland of the toad, Bufo marinus, using tissue section autoradiography, affinity cross-linking and electrophoresis, guanylyl cyclase assays and molecular analysis of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) and NPR-GC mRNA expression. The highest density of 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites occurred in the dorsal pallium, the habenular region, the torus semicircularis, the choroid plexus, and the pituitary gland. Less dense binding was observed in the medial pallium, the thalamic region, the hypothalamus, the optic tectum, and the interpeduncular nucleus. The natriuretic peptide receptor-C specific ligand, C-ANF, displaced the binding in all brain regions; however, some residual binding was observed in the habenular region, the hypothalamus, the choroid plexus, and the pituitary gland. In isolated brain membranes, 1 microM rat atrial natriuretic peptide increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels to 90% above basal. Affinity cross-linking followed by reducing electrophoresis showed that 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide bound to proteins of 65 kDa and 135 kDa respectively. Furthermore, molecular analysis demonstrated that natriuretic peptide receptor-C and guanylyl cyclase messenger ribonucleic acid are expressed in the brain. In combination with the autoradiography, the data indicated that atrial natriuretic peptide acting via specific receptors could be important in natriuretic peptide regulation of the brain.