Meenaghan M A, Natiella J R, Moresi J L, Flynn H E, Wirth J E, Baier R E
J Biomed Mater Res. 1979 Jul;13(4):631-43. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820130409.
Samples of capacitor grade tantalum were surface-treated by a variety of methods. These surface treatments allowed testing of the same basic material which was mill-finished, metallurgically polished, electrochemically oxidized, sintered with a porous surface, and glow-discharged. Surface characterization was accomplished by contact angle measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy-dispensed x-ray analysis, and internal reflection spectroscopy. Subsequent to characterization, the material was surgically implanted in the subperiosteal region of the mandible, the buccal mucosa, and the subcutaneous paravertebral region of the back of Macaca speciosa (stumptail monkey). The tissue reaction at intervals of up to three weeks was evaluated morphologically and ultrastructurally. Significant differences in tissue response were noted at the interfaces with glow-discharge-treated versus lower surface energy samples. Adjacent to the glow-discharge-treated implants, two distinct tissue zones were identified. Zone No. 1, nearest the implant, exhibited an increased cellularity. This consisted of 4-5 layers of highly active mesenchymal cells or fibroblast-like cells with spindle-shaped nuclei and prominent cytoplasmic features. At various foci along the interface, hyperchromatic nuclear forms were noted to project into the space left by removal of the implant. These observations, coupled with a predominance of intercellular ground-substance material and less collagen at the interface, may indicate some form of bioadhesion. The deeper Zone No. 2 was 2-3 times as thick consisted of typical fibroblastic cells with a lamellar configuration, bordered by an occasional delicate-lined space. Independent of implantation site or surface texture, all other implants showed occasional multinucleated giant cells and a decrease in the cellular character of Zone No. 1. Both zones were reduced in thickness and composed of more mature fibroblasts. Some specimens exhibited intracytoplasmic vacuolization. It may be concluded, therefore, that surface-free energy of the implanted specimens played a significant role in inducing differential tissue response to otherwise similar pure metal samples.
对电容器级钽样本进行了多种表面处理。这些表面处理使得能够对经过轧制加工、金相抛光、电化学氧化、烧结形成多孔表面以及辉光放电处理的相同基础材料进行测试。通过接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线分析和内反射光谱法完成表面表征。表征之后，将材料外科植入恒河猴（短尾猴）下颌骨的骨膜下区域、颊黏膜以及背部皮下椎旁区域。在长达三周的时间间隔内，从形态学和超微结构方面评估组织反应。在与辉光放电处理样本和较低表面能样本的界面处，观察到组织反应存在显著差异。在与辉光放电处理植入物相邻处，识别出两个不同的组织区域。最靠近植入物的1区细胞增多。该区由4 - 5层高度活跃的间充质细胞或成纤维细胞样细胞组成，这些细胞具有梭形细胞核和明显的细胞质特征。沿着界面的各个病灶处，可见核深染的形态向因移除植入物而留下的空间突出。这些观察结果，再加上界面处细胞间基质材料占优势且胶原蛋白较少，可能表明存在某种形式的生物黏附。较深的2区厚度是1区的2 - 3倍，由具有层状结构的典型成纤维细胞组成，边界处偶尔有精细排列的间隙。与植入部位或表面纹理无关，所有其他植入物偶尔可见多核巨细胞，且1区的细胞特征有所减少。两个区域的厚度均减小，且由更成熟的成纤维细胞组成。一些标本表现出细胞质空泡化。因此可以得出结论，植入样本的表面自由能在诱导对其他方面相似的纯金属样本产生不同的组织反应中起重要作用。
