Nakano K, Kayahara T, Tsutsumi T, Ushiro H
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
J Neurol. 2000 Sep;247 Suppl 5:V1-15. doi: 10.1007/pl00007778.
The basal ganglia and motor thalamic nuclei are functionally and anatomically divided into the sensorimotor, supplementary motor, premotor, associative and limbic territories. There exist both primary segregated basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops and convergence of functionally related information from different cortical areas onto these cortical basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops. The basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop arising from the sensorimotor area, supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor area and cingulate motor area provides distinct segregated subloops through the functionally distinct striatal, pallidal and thalamic regions with partial overlap. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is also topographically organized. The ventrolateral part of the caudal 2/3 levels of the medial pallidal segment (GPi) projects to the primary motor area via the oral part of the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus (VLo) (Voa, Vop by Hassler's nomenclature). The thalamic relay nuclei of the GPi projection to SMA are identified in the transitional zone of the VApc (parvicellular part of the anterior ventral nucleus)-VLo and in the rostromedial part of the VLo. The thalamic nuclei relaying the cingulate subloop are not yet clearly defined. The supplementary motor subloop appears to be divided into the pre-SMA and SMA proper subloops. The premotor area is also divided into the dorsal premotor area subloop and the ventral premotor area subloop. It is suggested that the limbic loop consists of a number of subloops in the monkey as indicated by Haber et al. and in rats. We review here the microcircuitry of the striatum, as well as the convergence and integration between the functionally segregated loops. Finally, we discuss the functional implications of striatal connections.
基底神经节和运动丘脑核在功能和解剖学上被分为感觉运动、辅助运动、运动前区、联合和边缘区域。存在主要的分离性基底神经节 - 丘脑皮质环路，以及来自不同皮质区域的功能相关信息汇聚到这些皮质基底神经节 - 丘脑皮质环路上。源自感觉运动区、辅助运动区（SMA）、运动前区和扣带回运动区的基底神经节 - 丘脑皮质环路通过功能不同的纹状体、苍白球和丘脑区域提供不同的分离性子环路，部分存在重叠。底丘脑核（STN）也有拓扑结构。内侧苍白球段（GPi）尾侧2/3水平的腹外侧部分通过腹外侧丘脑核（VLo）的嘴侧部分（按照哈斯勒的命名法为Voa、Vop）投射到初级运动区。GPi投射到SMA的丘脑中继核在VApc（腹前核的小细胞部分） - VLo的过渡区以及VLo的嘴内侧部分被识别出来。传递扣带回子环路的丘脑核尚未明确界定。辅助运动子环路似乎分为前SMA和SMA本身的子环路。运动前区也分为背侧运动前区子环路和腹侧运动前区子环路。如哈伯等人在猴子以及在大鼠中所表明的，边缘环路在猴子中似乎由多个子环路组成。我们在此回顾纹状体的微电路，以及功能分离环路之间的汇聚和整合。最后，我们讨论纹状体连接的功能意义。
