Hintikka J, Koskela K, Kontula O, Viinamäki H
Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000 Nov;188(11):772-6. doi: 10.1097/00005053-200011000-00008.
We investigated in a nationwide sample of the Finnish general population (869 women and 773 men) whether there were gender-differences in associations between religious attendance and mental well-being. Respondents were asked during telephone interviews about sociodemographic variables, frequency of religious attendance and social contacts, and perceived social and family support. Mental health was screened by means of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). More women than men (62% vs. 50%) attended religious events, and there was a corresponding difference in percentages relating to regular religious attendance (17% vs. 10%). Regular religious attendance was most common among those over 65 years of age. In women, minor mental disorder (GHQ-12 score > or = 3) was more common among those who never attended religious events than among the others (25% vs. 16%). In men there was no difference. In women, religious attendance associated positively with social contacts, in men with happy family life. In multivariate analyses an independent positive association between religious attendance and absence of minor mental disorder was found in women (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.24) but not in men. These results suggest that there may be gender-differences in associations between religious attendance, social and family life, and mental health.
我们在芬兰普通人群的全国性样本（869名女性和773名男性）中进行了调查，以探究宗教活动参与度与心理健康之间的关联是否存在性别差异。在电话访谈中，询问了受访者的社会人口统计学变量、宗教活动参与频率和社会交往情况，以及所感受到的社会和家庭支持。通过12项一般健康问卷（GHQ - 12）对心理健康进行筛查。参加宗教活动的女性比男性更多（62%对50%），在经常参加宗教活动的比例方面也存在相应差异（17%对10%）。经常参加宗教活动在65岁以上人群中最为常见。在女性中，从未参加宗教活动的人比其他人更易出现轻微精神障碍（GHQ - 12得分≥3）（25%对16%）。在男性中则无差异。在女性中，宗教活动参与度与社会交往呈正相关，在男性中与幸福的家庭生活呈正相关。在多变量分析中，发现宗教活动参与度与女性不存在轻微精神障碍之间存在独立的正相关（调整后的比值比为1.58，95%置信区间为1.12至2.24），而在男性中未发现此关联。这些结果表明，宗教活动参与度、社会和家庭生活以及心理健康之间的关联可能存在性别差异。
