Bürgy R, Häfner-Ranabauer W
Central Institute of Mental Health, Arbeitsgruppe Wissenschaftliche Dokumentation, Mannheim, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;250(5):226-33. doi: 10.1007/s004060070012.
Up to now all investigations about the topographic distribution of psychiatric utilization rates ignore whether or not the patients really require care (need for care) respectively express that need by themselves (demand for care). To analyze utilization rates of the psychiatric emergency service of the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim (CIMH), variables differentiating between need and demand for emergency care were included. The investigation is based on contacts in the psychiatric emergency service between 1982 and 1993 and comprises 6463 patients with 14,628 contacts. To operationalize the concepts of need and demand the items "instance of consultation", "reasons for consultation", "inpatient admission" and "rated urgency" from the standardized record system of the psychiatric emergency service were used. The association between need, demand and ecological, socio-demographic and distance-related factors were analyzed. The results show that demand for psychiatric emergency care is an important factor for explaining topographic differences in service utilization. Demand correlates with ecological, socio-demographic and distance related factors; need only correlates with age. The amount of demand also varies with specific mental disorders.
到目前为止，所有关于精神科利用率的地形分布的调查都忽略了患者是否真的需要护理（护理需求）以及他们是否自己表达了这种需求（护理需求）。为了分析曼海姆中央精神卫生研究所（CIMH）精神科急诊服务的利用率，纳入了区分急诊护理需求和需求的变量。该调查基于1982年至1993年间精神科急诊服务的接触情况，包括6463名患者的14628次接触。为了将需求和需求的概念操作化，使用了精神科急诊服务标准化记录系统中的“咨询实例”、“咨询原因”、“住院入院”和“紧急程度评级”等项目。分析了需求、需求与生态、社会人口统计学和距离相关因素之间的关联。结果表明，精神科急诊护理需求是解释服务利用地形差异的一个重要因素。需求与生态、社会人口统计学和距离相关因素相关；需求仅与年龄相关。需求的数量也因特定精神障碍而异。
