Voigt C, Schreiner J, Kohlmann A, Zink P, Mauersberger K, Larsen N, Deshler T, Kröger C, Rosen J, Adriani A, Cairo F, Di Donfrancesco G, Viterbini M, Ovarlez J, Ovarlez H, David C, Dörnbrack A
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1756-8. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5497.1756.
A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to 197 kelvin). Particle composition analysis showed that a large fraction of the cloud layers was composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, containing water and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 3:1; this confirmed that these long-sought solid crystals exist well above ice formation temperatures. The presence of NAT particles enhances the potential for chlorine activation with subsequent ozone destruction in polar regions, particularly in early and late winter.
2000年1月25日，利用从瑞典基律纳放飞的气球吊舱上搭载的仪器，对极地平流层云进行了全面调查。在广泛的大气温度范围（185至197开尔文）内，在20至24公里的高度反复遇到云层。颗粒成分分析表明，很大一部分云层由三水合硝酸（NAT）颗粒组成，其水和硝酸的摩尔比为3:1；这证实了这些长期寻找的固体晶体在远高于结冰温度的情况下存在。NAT颗粒的存在增加了极地地区尤其是冬初和冬末氯活化及随后臭氧破坏的可能性。
