Rosenstein R, Götz F
Mikrobielle Genetik, Universität Tübingen, Waldhäuser Str. 70/8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Biochimie. 2000 Nov;82(11):1005-14. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)01180-9.
To date, the nucleotide sequences of nine different lipase genes from six Staphylococcus species, three from S. epidermidis, two from S. aureus, and one each from S. haemolyticus, S. hyicus, S. warneri, and S. xylosus, have been determined. All deduced lipase proteins are similarly organized as pre-pro-proteins, with pre-regions corresponding to a signal peptide of 35 to 38 amino acids, a pro-peptide of 207 to 321 amino acids with an overall hydrophilic character, and a mature peptide comprising 383 to 396 amino acids. The lipases are secreted in the pro-form and are afterwards processed to the mature form by specific proteases. The pro-peptide of the S. hyicus lipase is necessary for efficient translocation and for protection against proteolytic degradation. Despite being very similar in their primary structures the staphylococcal lipases show significant differences in their biochemical and catalytic properties, such as substrate selectivity, pH optimum and interfacial activation. The lipase from S. hyicus is unique among the staphylococcal and bacterial lipases in that it has not only lipase activity, but also a high phospho-lipase activity. All staphylococcal lipases are dependent on Ca(2+), which is thought to have a function in stabilizing the tertiary structure of the lipases. Evidence exists that staphylococcal lipases like other bacterial lipases, possess a lid-like domain that might be involved in the interfacial activation of these enzymes.
迄今为止，已测定了来自6种葡萄球菌属的9种不同脂肪酶基因的核苷酸序列，其中表皮葡萄球菌3种，金黄色葡萄球菌2种，溶血葡萄球菌、猪葡萄球菌、沃氏葡萄球菌和木糖葡萄球菌各1种。所有推导的脂肪酶蛋白均同样组织成前体-原蛋白形式，前导区对应于35至38个氨基酸的信号肽，原肽区由207至321个氨基酸组成且总体具有亲水性，成熟肽由383至396个氨基酸组成。脂肪酶以前体形式分泌，随后被特定蛋白酶加工成成熟形式。猪葡萄球菌脂肪酶的原肽对于有效转运和防止蛋白水解降解是必需的。尽管葡萄球菌脂肪酶在一级结构上非常相似，但它们在生化和催化特性方面存在显著差异，如底物选择性、最适pH值和界面激活。猪葡萄球菌脂肪酶在葡萄球菌和细菌脂肪酶中是独特的，因为它不仅具有脂肪酶活性，还具有高磷脂酶活性。所有葡萄球菌脂肪酶都依赖Ca(2+)，据认为Ca(2+)在稳定脂肪酶的三级结构中起作用。有证据表明，与其他细菌脂肪酶一样，葡萄球菌脂肪酶具有一个类似盖子的结构域，可能参与这些酶的界面激活。
