Reardon M R, MacCrehan W A, Rowe W F
The Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2000 Nov;45(6):1232-8.
Detecting the use of handguns via the determination of the organic additives in smokeless gunpowder residues (OGSR) presents a promising alternative to primer metal residue analysis. Compositional analysis of the gunpowder additives nitroglycerin, diphenylamine, and ethyl centralite provides information that can associate residue samples with unfired gunpowder. We evaluated the composition of seven reloading smokeless gunpowders, both in bulk and as single particles, by ultrasonic solvent extraction/capillary electrophoresis. Handgun-fired residues obtained from three common weapon calibers loaded with the known reloading powders were compared with the unfired powders. In general, the composition of the residues was similar to that found in the unfired powders. For double-base powders, comparing the ratio of the propellant (P) to the total amount of stabilizer (S) for both residue and gunpowder samples proved to be a useful measurement for identification. This P/S ratio demonstrated that the additives in the residues did not greatly change relative to the unfired powder, providing a useful indicator to aid in forensic powder and residue evaluation.
通过测定无烟火药残留物（OGSR）中的有机添加剂来检测手枪的使用情况，为底火金属残留物分析提供了一种很有前景的替代方法。对火药添加剂硝化甘油、二苯胺和二号中定剂进行成分分析，可提供将残留物样本与未发射火药关联起来的信息。我们通过超声溶剂萃取/毛细管电泳法，对七种重新装填的无烟火药的成分进行了评估，包括散装和单个颗粒状态。将从三种装填了已知重新装填火药的常见武器口径中获得的手枪射击残留物与未发射的火药进行了比较。总体而言，残留物的成分与未发射火药中的成分相似。对于双基火药，比较残留物和火药样本中推进剂（P）与稳定剂总量（S）的比例，被证明是一种有用的鉴定方法。这种P/S比值表明，残留物中的添加剂相对于未发射火药并没有太大变化，为法医火药和残留物评估提供了一个有用的指标。
