Ward M E, Nolte K B
Greenville County Pathology Associates of Greenville, SC, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2000 Nov;45(6):1259-66.
We evaluated the impact and penetration characteristics of the Remington Copper Solid sabot shotgun slug with standardized ballistic tests and used this information to predict tissue wounding patterns. This unique ammunition, first distributed in 1993, is composed of a solid copper, hollow-point slug with longitudinal slots cut into the nose. The slug is fitted into a hard plastic sabot with 8 finger-like projections and loaded into a shotgun shell with two plastic wads separating it from the underlying gunpowder charge. The ammunition was fired through a 12-gage shotgun using a rifled barrel, a smooth-bore barrel with rifled choke, and a smooth-bore barrel with a smooth modified choke into targets consisting of poster board and 10% ballistic gelatin at a variety of distances. The copper slug and plastic sabot created single 8-fingered asterisk-shaped defects in the poster board when fired at distances of less than 7 to 9 ft (approximately 2 to 3 m). All three barrel types performed similarly. At greater distances, the sabot impacted the targets separately from the slugs and created variably shaped defects that reflected base-first, nose-first, and side-first impacts. Increasing muzzle-to-target distances generally increased the impact distances between the slug and sabot. There was no predictable relationship between the sabot and slug impact points for any of the three barrel types. With each barrel tested, the wads created separate defects from the slug at distances greater than 5 ft (1.5 m). The distances between the slug and the wad impact points increased with increasing muzzle-to-target distances up to 40 ft (12 m), after which the wads generally no longer struck the targets. The slug created atypical defects at distances between 7 and 150 ft (approximately 2 to 45 m), probably due to yawing or tumbling. When the slug impacted the gelatin block in a nose-first orientation, the slotted nose portion tended to fragment and radially deposit pieces in the gelatin that were visible on radiographs. When the slug struck the gelatin target in a side-first orientation, it passed through the gelatin intact. The slug, sabot, and wads of this unique projectile separate and create independent impact points in a stereotypical manner independent of barrel type. This pattern of separation allows estimates to be made of ranges of fire. Wounds created in human tissues by this ammunition would likely have similar asterisk-shaped configurations, and nose fragments may be deposited in tissues and seen radiographically. Rectangular wounds created by the tumbling or yawing slug might be mistaken for intermediate target wounds.
我们通过标准化弹道测试评估了雷明顿铜质实心弹托霰弹枪子弹的撞击和侵彻特性，并利用这些信息预测组织创伤模式。这种独特的弹药于1993年首次发售，由实心铜质、头部带纵向切口的中空弹头组成。弹头装在一个带有8个指状突起的硬塑料弹托中，并装入霰弹枪弹药筒，两个塑料弹垫将其与下面的火药隔开。使用膛线枪管、带膛线喉缩的滑膛枪管和带改良滑膛喉缩的滑膛枪管，通过12号霰弹枪在不同距离向由海报板和10%弹道明胶组成的靶标发射这种弹药。当在小于7至9英尺（约2至3米）的距离发射时，铜质弹头和塑料弹托在海报板上造成单个8指星状缺陷。三种枪管类型的表现相似。在更大距离时，弹托与弹头分别撞击靶标，并造成形状各异的缺陷，反映出底部先着地、头部先着地和侧面先着地的撞击情况。枪口到靶标的距离增加通常会增加弹头与弹托之间的撞击距离。对于三种枪管类型中的任何一种，弹托和弹头的撞击点之间都没有可预测的关系。在测试的每种枪管中，弹垫在大于5英尺（1.5米）的距离与弹头造成分开的缺陷。弹头与弹垫撞击点之间的距离随着枪口到靶标距离增加到40英尺（12米）而增大，此后弹垫通常不再击中靶标。在7至150英尺（约2至45米）的距离，弹头造成非典型缺陷，可能是由于偏航或翻滚。当弹头以头部先着地的方向撞击明胶块时，带切口的头部部分往往会破碎，并在明胶中呈放射状沉积碎片，这些碎片在X光片上可见。当弹头以侧面先着地的方向撞击明胶靶标时，它会完整地穿过明胶。这种独特射弹的弹头、弹托和弹垫会分开，并以一种与枪管类型无关的典型方式形成独立的撞击点。这种分离模式有助于估计射击距离。这种弹药在人体组织中造成的伤口可能会有类似的星状形态，并且头部碎片可能会沉积在组织中并在X光片上看到。翻滚或偏航的弹头造成的矩形伤口可能会被误认为是中间目标伤口。
