Chiao C C, Cronin T W, Marshall N J
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Brain Behav Evol. 2000 Aug;56(2):107-22. doi: 10.1159/000006681.
Many species of stomatopod crustaceans have multiple spectral classes of photoreceptors in their retinas. Behavioral evidence also indicates that stomatopods are capable of discriminating objects by their spectral differences alone. Most animals use only two to four different types of photoreceptors in their color vision systems, typically with broad sensitivity functions, but the stomatopods apparently include eight or more narrowband photoreceptor classes for color recognition. It is also known that stomatopods use several colored body regions in social interactions. To examine why stomatopods may be so 'concerned' with color, we measured the absorption spectra of visual pigments and intrarhabdomal filters, and the reflectance spectra from different parts of the bodies of several individuals of the gonodactyloid stomatopod species, Gonodactylus smithii. We then applied a model of multiple dichromatic channels for color encoding to examine whether the finely tuned color vision was specifically co-evolved with their complex color signals. Although the eye design of stomatopods seems suitable for detecting color signals of their own, the detection of color signals from other animals, such as reef fishes, can be enhanced as well. Color vision in G. smithii is therefore not exclusively adapted to detect its own color signals, but the spectral tuning of some photoreceptors (e.g. midband Rows 2 and 3) enhances the contrast of certain color signals to a large enough degree to make co-evolution between color vision and these rather specific color signals likely.
许多口足类甲壳动物的视网膜中有多种光谱类型的光感受器。行为证据也表明，口足类动物仅通过光谱差异就能辨别物体。大多数动物在其色觉系统中仅使用两到四种不同类型的光感受器，通常具有宽泛的敏感功能，但口足类动物显然包括八种或更多种用于颜色识别的窄带光感受器类型。还已知口足类动物在社交互动中会使用几个有颜色的身体部位。为了探究口足类动物为何如此“关注”颜色，我们测量了视觉色素和微绒毛内滤光器的吸收光谱，以及戈氏仿口虾（Gonodactylus smithii）这一尖指虾科口足类动物几个个体身体不同部位的反射光谱。然后我们应用一种用于颜色编码的多双色通道模型，来研究这种精细调节的色觉是否与它们复杂的颜色信号特异性地共同进化。尽管口足类动物的眼睛设计似乎适合检测自身的颜色信号，但它们对来自其他动物（如珊瑚礁鱼类）颜色信号的检测能力也可以得到增强。因此，戈氏仿口虾的色觉并非仅仅为了检测自身颜色信号而进化，而是一些光感受器（如中带的第2和第3排）的光谱调谐将某些颜色信号的对比度提高到了足够大的程度，使得色觉与这些相当特殊的颜色信号之间可能发生了共同进化。
