Health and safety at work in Switzerland: impact of European Union directives.

Switzerland, surrounded by European Union (EU) member states, rejected a 1992 referendum to join the European Economic Communities (EEC), which currently includes 15 member states. As a result, the country has had difficulties resolving economic issues with health and safety interests. This study analyzed the consequences of selected EU Directives of Health and Safety at Work in a country that chose not to join the EU. The Directives went into effect throughout the entire EU in 1993. Executive directors and safety advisors from the Swiss company "Migros" participated in a two round Delphi survey focused on timing, feelings, and preference of the legal system in relation to the EU, prioritizing selected EU directives, and implementing health and safety concepts. The results showed the effects of the Directives (although not legally required) demand careful consideration particularly in terms of the timing of the implementation and the priorities of the Swiss health and safety legal system. The two professional groups involved showed congruent opinions on several questions, presenting a solid foundation for planning common action. In conclusion, the growing awareness of occupational health and safety aspects observed during the survey should be pursued among all Migros key staff in decision making positions in occupational safety and health. In this way, Migros could serve as a role model in the occupational health and safety field, much as it has long been recognized as a pioneer in funding social causes throughout Swiss society.