Melse-Boonstra A, Pee S, Martini E, Halati S, Sari M, Kosen S, Bloem M
Helen Keller International/Indonesia and HKI Asia-Pacific Regional Office, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;54(11):822-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601094.
To estimate the potential of various industrially produced foods, to serve as a carrier for micronutrient fortification based on the frequency of their consumption in different socio-economic strata; to determine the role of fortified instant noodles as a source of micronutrients; to assess the contribution of plant foods, animal foods and fortified foods to vitamin A intake.
A survey was conducted in rural South Sulawesi and urban South Kalimantan between November 1996 and January 1997.
Households (1500 in South Sulawesi; 2112 in South Kalimantan) were selected randomly by multi-stage cluster sampling. From each household, data were collected from the mother and her youngest child (0-5 y).
Mothers were interviewed on various topics, including socio-economic status, food consumption, receipt of high-dose vitamin A capsules, health and nutritional status.
Monosodium glutamate and salt were consumed daily in almost all households in both areas, and consumption was not associated with socio-economic status. Instant noodles were consumed in nearly all households in both areas, but consumption of fortified noodles was related to socio-economic status; it was highest among households of government employees and private investors, and lowest among farmers and share-croppers. Vegetables were the most important source of vitamin A in rural South Sulawesi, while foods of animal origin were the most important source in urban South Kalimantan.
The results support double or triple fortification of salt and/or monosodium glutamate with iodine, vitamin A and/or iron. Efforts to overcome associated technical and logistical difficulties are urgently needed.
Opportunities for Micronutrient Interventions (OMNI); United States Agency for International Development (USAID). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 822-827
根据不同社会经济阶层对各类工业生产食品的消费频率，评估其作为微量营养素强化载体的潜力；确定强化方便面作为微量营养素来源的作用；评估植物性食品、动物性食品和强化食品对维生素A摄入量的贡献。
1996年11月至1997年1月在南苏拉威西农村和南加里曼丹城市进行了一项调查。
通过多阶段整群抽样随机选取家庭（南苏拉威西1500户；南加里曼丹2112户）。从每个家庭收集母亲及其最小孩子（0 - 5岁）的数据。
就各种主题对母亲进行访谈，包括社会经济状况、食物消费、高剂量维生素A胶囊的发放、健康和营养状况。
两个地区几乎所有家庭每天都食用味精和盐，且消费情况与社会经济状况无关。两个地区几乎所有家庭都食用方便面，但强化面的消费与社会经济状况有关；在政府雇员和私人投资者家庭中最高，在农民和佃农家庭中最低。蔬菜是南苏拉威西农村维生素A的最重要来源，而动物性食品是南加里曼丹城市最重要的来源。
结果支持对盐和/或味精进行碘、维生素A和/或铁的双重或三重强化。迫切需要努力克服相关的技术和后勤困难。
微量营养素干预机会组织（OMNI）；美国国际开发署（USAID）。《欧洲临床营养学杂志》（2000年）54卷，822 - 827页
