Venero J L, Vizuete M L, Machado A, Cano J
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, C/ Prof. García González s/n, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
Prog Neurobiol. 2001 Feb;63(3):321-36. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00035-6.
In this review, we have tried to summarize most available data dealing with the aquaporin (AQP) family of water channels in the CNS. Two aquaporins have been identified so far in the CNS, AQP1 and AQP4. AQP1 is restricted to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles, which raises a role for this aquaporin in cerebrospinal fluid formation. AQP4 is the predominant water channel in the brain and it is more widely distributed than originally believed, with a marked prevalence over periventricular areas. In the first part of this review, we examine the complete distribution pattern of AQP4 in the CNS including its rostro-caudal localization to end with its subcellular location. After discussing scarce data dealing with regulation of aquaporins in the CNS, we focus in potential roles for aquaporins. Novel recent data highlights very important roles for this aquaporin in the normal and pathological brain including, among others, role in potassium buffering, body fluid homeostasis, central osmoreception and development and restoration of brain edema.
在本综述中，我们试图总结有关中枢神经系统水通道蛋白（AQP）家族的大多数现有数据。迄今为止，在中枢神经系统中已鉴定出两种水通道蛋白，即AQP1和AQP4。AQP1局限于侧脑室脉络丛，这表明该水通道蛋白在脑脊液形成中发挥作用。AQP4是大脑中主要的水通道，其分布比最初认为的更广泛，在脑室周围区域显著占优势。在本综述的第一部分，我们研究了AQP4在中枢神经系统中的完整分布模式，包括其从头到尾的定位，最后是其亚细胞定位。在讨论了有关中枢神经系统中水通道蛋白调节的稀缺数据后，我们重点关注水通道蛋白的潜在作用。最近的新数据突出了这种水通道蛋白在正常和病理大脑中的非常重要的作用，包括但不限于在钾缓冲、体液稳态、中枢渗透压感受以及脑水肿的发展和恢复中的作用。
