Shin E H
Demography. 1975 Feb;12(1):1-19.
This paper examines the trends and variations in the black-white differentials in infant mortality in ten selected Southern states during the 1940-1970 period. The patterns observed from the Southern states are compared with those observed from seven selected Northern states and the country as a whole. The ratios of black to white infant mortality rates and Fein's "time-lag" statistics are used as measures of the extent of black-white differentials. The gaps between blacks and whites in both neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates have widened in the Southern states between 1940 and 1970. No significant differences between the Southern states and the Northern states in the extent of black-whites differentials in infant mortality were observed. A positive association between variations among the Southern states in postneonatal mortality differentials and income differentials was found, while neonatal mortality differentials had a weak inverse relationship with income inequality. A series of general explanations of the observed trends and variations have been presented. Also, a detailed methodological consideration of the possible influence of artifacts of the data upon the trends and variations had been made.
本文考察了1940年至1970年期间十个选定南方州婴儿死亡率方面黑白差异的趋势及变化情况。将南方州观察到的模式与七个选定北方州以及整个国家观察到的模式进行了比较。黑白婴儿死亡率之比以及费因的“时间滞后”统计数据被用作衡量黑白差异程度的指标。1940年至1970年期间，南方州黑人与白人在新生儿死亡率和新生儿后期死亡率方面的差距均有所扩大。在婴儿死亡率的黑白差异程度上，未观察到南方州与北方州之间存在显著差异。研究发现，南方州新生儿后期死亡率差异的变化与收入差异呈正相关，而新生儿死亡率差异与收入不平等呈微弱的负相关。文中给出了对观察到的趋势及变化的一系列一般性解释。此外，还对数据伪像可能对趋势及变化产生的影响进行了详细的方法学考量。
