Taralov Z, Boyadjiev N, Georgieva K
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Higher Medical Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 2000;25(1):3-8.
Physical activity has a beneficial effect on the serum lipid profile in adolescent and mature humans. The aim of the study was to compare the basic serum lipid parameters of pubescent athletes practicing different sports with those of untrained boys and girls and to investigate the relationship between the variations of the values of these variables and the respective type of sport practiced. 876 highly trained athletes (559 boys and 317 girls) were included in this study. Their mean (+/- SD) age, weight and duration of training were: 14.01 +/- 1.78 years; 56.24 +/- 15.39 kg, and 3.52 +/- 2.07 years. The control group consisted of 357 untrained subjects (171 boys and 186 girls) with mean (+/- SD) age and weight 14.58 +/- 1.70 years and 57.75 +/- 12.66 kg. The group of athletes was divided into seven subgroups according to the sport practiced: athletics (n = 105), swimming (n = 107), rowing (n = 233), wrestling, box and judo (n = 225), weight lifting (n = 47), various team sports (n = 92), and other sports (n = 67). Venous blood samples were drawn from the cubital vein and the concentrations of serum total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Statistical indices were computed for each group and for each variable, and analysis of variance factorial analysis was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences detected. The CHOL in highly trained group was found lower than in the control group (3.93 +/- 0.89 vs. 4.31 +/- 0.76 mmol/l, p < 0.001), and in highly trained boys the CHOL was lower than in highly trained girls (3.88 +/- 0.71 vs. 4.02 +/- 0.89 mmol/l, p < 0.01). The HDL-C was lower in the trained group in comparison with the control one (1.43 +/- 0.59 vs. 1.60 +/- 0.57 mmol/l, p < 0.001). No differences were found in HDL-C between boys and girls in both trained and control group. Serum TG were higher in highly trained group than in controls (1.01 +/- 0.59 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.38 mmol/l, p < 0.001). The results of the study indicate that (a) trained pubescents have lower serum total cholesterol than untrained boys and girls of the same age; (b) trained pubescent boys have lower serum total cholesterol than trained pubescent girls; (c) the level of serum TG is not relevant to the type of physical exercise in pubescence; (d) long-term sport practicing is not able to decrease serum HDL-C levels in both sexes; (e) sport affects serum total cholesterol to a greater degree than does sex in pubescence.
体育活动对青少年和成年人的血清脂质谱具有有益影响。本研究的目的是比较从事不同运动项目的青春期运动员与未受过训练的男孩和女孩的基本血清脂质参数，并研究这些变量值的变化与各自所从事的运动类型之间的关系。本研究纳入了876名训练有素的运动员（559名男孩和317名女孩）。他们的平均（±标准差）年龄、体重和训练时长分别为：14.01±1.78岁；56.24±15.39千克，以及3.52±2.07年。对照组由357名未受过训练的受试者（171名男孩和186名女孩）组成，其平均（±标准差）年龄和体重分别为14.58±1.70岁和57.75±12.66千克。运动员组根据所从事运动项目分为七个亚组：田径（n = 105）、游泳（n = 107）、划船（n = 233）、摔跤、拳击和柔道（n = 225）、举重（n = 47）、各种团队运动（n = 92）以及其他运动（n = 67）。从肘静脉采集静脉血样，测量血清总胆固醇（CHOL）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和甘油三酯（TG）的浓度。为每组和每个变量计算统计指标，并进行方差分析和析因分析以评估所检测到差异的统计学意义。发现训练有素组的CHOL低于对照组（3.93±0.89 vs. 4.31±0.76毫摩尔/升，p < 0.001），且训练有素的男孩的CHOL低于训练有素的女孩（3.88±0.71 vs. 4.02±0.89毫摩尔/升，p < 0.01）。与对照组相比，训练组的HDL-C较低（1.43±0.59 vs. 1.60±0.57毫摩尔/升，p < 0.001）。训练组和对照组男孩与女孩的HDL-C均未发现差异。训练有素组的血清TG高于对照组（1.01±0.59 vs. 0.89±0.38毫摩尔/升，p < 0.001）。研究结果表明：（a）训练有素的青春期个体的血清总胆固醇低于同龄未受过训练的男孩和女孩；（b）训练有素的青春期男孩的血清总胆固醇低于训练有素的青春期女孩；（c）青春期血清TG水平与体育锻炼类型无关；（d）长期进行体育锻炼并不能降低两性的血清HDL-C水平；（e）在青春期，运动对血清总胆固醇的影响程度大于性别因素。
