Aman M G, Collier-Crespin A, Lindsay R L
The Nisonger Center for Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1296, USA.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;9 Suppl 1:I98-107. doi: 10.1007/s007870070023.
This is a review of pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with mental retardation from the perspective of DSM and ICD disorders. The existing research is reviewed in young people with mental retardation but, when data are lacking, we examined the literature from adults with mental retardation and from typically-developing children. The literature is discussed for each of the following disorders: ADHD, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, depression, enuresis, schizophrenia, self injury, and tics and movement disorders. With the possible exception of ADHD, there is a woeful lack of empirical data on most of these disorders in young people with mental retardation. Clinicians will often be forced to extrapolate from data on adults having mental retardation and from typically-developing children. The best policy is probably to treat such patients cautiously, while gathering data on the effects of such therapy in the hopes of beginning a data base.
本文从《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）和《国际疾病分类》（ICD）所定义的疾病角度，对智力障碍儿童和青少年的药物治疗进行综述。现有研究针对智力障碍青少年，但在数据缺乏时，我们查阅了智力障碍成人及发育正常儿童的文献。针对以下各类疾病讨论了相关文献：注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、焦虑症、双相情感障碍、品行障碍、抑郁症、遗尿症、精神分裂症、自伤行为以及抽动和运动障碍。除ADHD外，针对智力障碍青少年的大多数此类疾病，实证数据严重匮乏。临床医生常常不得不从智力障碍成人及发育正常儿童的数据进行推断。最佳策略或许是谨慎治疗此类患者，同时收集关于此类治疗效果的数据，以期建立一个数据库。
