Goldberg R W, Lucksted A, McNary S, Gold J M, Dixon L, Lehman A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Psychiatr Serv. 2001 Jan;52(1):101-3. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.1.101.
This study identified demographic, clinical, and vocational rehabilitation-related correlates of long-term unemployment among 219 adults with severe mental illness. Fifty-one percent of the sample had been unemployed five or more years before enrollment. Older age, a diagnosis of psychosis, severity of negative symptoms, and more previous hospitalizations were all significantly related to long-term unemployment. Gender, race, education, substance disorder diagnosis, severity of negative symptoms, and vocational training experience were not. The findings underscore the relevance of clinical and neurocognitive impairments to long-term unemployment and point to the need to critically reevaluate the effectiveness of traditional vocational rehabilitation services.
本研究确定了219名重度精神疾病成年人长期失业与人口统计学、临床及职业康复相关的关联因素。样本中有51%在入组前已失业五年或更长时间。年龄较大、患有精神病、阴性症状严重程度较高以及既往住院次数较多均与长期失业显著相关。而性别、种族、教育程度、物质障碍诊断、阴性症状严重程度及职业培训经历则不然。这些发现强调了临床和神经认知障碍与长期失业的相关性，并指出有必要审慎地重新评估传统职业康复服务的有效性。
