Izumi A
Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Dec;108(6):3073-8. doi: 10.1121/1.1323461.
Consonance/dissonance affects human perception of chords from early stages of development [e.g., Schellenberg and Trainor, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 3321-3328 (1996)]. To examine whether consonance has some role in audition of nonhumans, three Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were trained to discriminate simultaneous two-tone complexes (chords). The task was serial discrimination (AX procedure) with repetitive presentation of background stimuli. Each tone in a chord was comprised of six harmonics, and chords with complex ratios of fundamental frequency (e.g., frequency ratio of 8:15 in major seventh) resulted in dissonance. The chords were transposed for each presentation to make monkeys attend to cues other than the absolute frequency of a component tone. Monkeys were initially trained to detect changes from consonant (octave) to dissonant (major seventh). Following the successful acquisition of the task, transfer tests with novel chords were conducted. In these transfer tests, the performances with detecting changes from consonant to dissonant chords (perfect fifth to major seventh; perfect fourth to major seventh) were better than those with detecting reverse changes. These results suggested that the consonance of chords affected the performances of monkeys.
和谐/不和谐从发育早期就会影响人类对和弦的感知[例如，Schellenberg和Trainor，《美国声学学会杂志》100, 3321 - 3328 (1996)]。为了研究和谐在非人类听觉中是否起作用，三只日本猕猴（食蟹猴）被训练来辨别同时出现的双音复合体（和弦）。任务是采用背景刺激重复呈现的序列辨别（AX程序）。和弦中的每个音调由六个谐波组成，具有复杂基频比的和弦（例如，大七度中的频率比8:15）会产生不和谐。每次呈现时和弦都会转调，以使猴子关注除成分音调绝对频率之外的线索。猴子最初被训练检测从和谐（八度）到不和谐（大七度）的变化。在成功掌握任务后，进行了新和弦的迁移测试。在这些迁移测试中，检测从和谐和弦到不和谐和弦（纯五度到大七度；纯四度到大七度）变化的表现优于检测反向变化的表现。这些结果表明和弦的和谐性影响了猴子的表现。
