Guay D R
College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Ann Pharmacother. 2000 Dec;34(12):1469-77. doi: 10.1345/aph.19407.
To review the antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of cefdinir, an expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin.
Literature was identified by a MEDLINE search (January 1983-November 1999) of the medical literature, review of English-language literature and bibliographies of these articles, and product information.
Clinical efficacy data were selected from all published trials mentioning cefdinir. Additional information concerning in vitro susceptibility, safety, chemistry, and pharmacokinetic profile of cefdinir was also reviewed.
Cefdinir, an oral expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, has a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-negative and -positive aerobic organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Cefdinir is stable to hydrolysis by many common beta-lactamases. Cefdinir is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is primarily eliminated via renal clearance of unchanged drug. The terminal disposition half-life of cefdinir is approximately 1.5 hours. Efficacy has been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials in adults and children with upper and lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., pharyngitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia) and skin and skin-structure infections. The adverse event profile is similar to that of comparator agents.
Cefdinir is a second-line alternative to first-line antimicrobial agents, with convenient once- or twice-daily dosing in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and skin-structure infections. Similar to other oral expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, cefdinir has activity against common pathogens of the respiratory tract and skin and is stable in the presence of many beta-lactamases. The clinical choice of an oral expanded-spectrum cephalosporin will be based on patient acceptance, frequency of administration, and cost.
综述广谱口服头孢菌素头孢地尼的抗菌活性、药代动力学、临床疗效及耐受性。
通过对医学文献进行MEDLINE检索（1983年1月至1999年11月）、查阅英文文献及这些文章的参考文献以及产品信息来确定相关文献。
从所有提及头孢地尼的已发表试验中选取临床疗效数据。还综述了有关头孢地尼体外敏感性、安全性、化学性质及药代动力学特征的其他信息。
头孢地尼是一种口服广谱头孢菌素，对许多革兰氏阴性和阳性需氧菌具有广泛活性，包括肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌。头孢地尼对许多常见β-内酰胺酶的水解作用稳定。头孢地尼从胃肠道迅速吸收，主要通过肾脏清除原形药物来消除。头孢地尼的终末处置半衰期约为1.5小时。在多项针对成人和儿童上、下呼吸道感染（如咽炎、鼻窦炎、急性中耳炎、急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎急性加重、社区获得性肺炎）以及皮肤和皮肤结构感染的临床试验中已证实其疗效。不良事件谱与对照药物相似。
头孢地尼是一线抗菌药物的二线替代药物，在治疗上、下呼吸道感染以及皮肤和皮肤结构感染时，每日给药一次或两次，使用方便。与其他口服广谱头孢菌素相似，头孢地尼对呼吸道和皮肤的常见病原体具有活性，并且在许多β-内酰胺酶存在的情况下稳定。口服广谱头孢菌素的临床选择将基于患者的接受程度、给药频率和成本。
