Meissner W W
Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167, USA.
Int J Psychoanal. 2000 Dec;81 Pt 6:1117-38. doi: 10.1516/0020757001600453.
The author explores the nature and development of psychic reality and draws the following conclusions: (1) psychic reality is equivalent to subjective (conscious) awareness. (2) Psychic reality is open to unconscious influences, both as to content and motivation. Psychic reality thus is not equivalent to unconscious fantasy or transference, but can include effects of both. (3) Psychic reality can also include objective experience. (4) The capacities for internal psychic experience and knowledge of objective reality externally are modes of experiencing that develop early and achieve gradual integration through integrative play. (5) Psychic experience, and therefore psychic reality, cannot be regarded as exclusively subjective or objective, but as inherently both. The ways in which subjectivity does not preclude or exclude objectivity are discussed and related to transitional experience. (6) The inherent subjectivity of psychic experience precludes any form of direct intersubjective communication, that is, unmediated communication from subject to subject. The tensions of subjectivity and objectivity are discussed in relation to the analytic situation, in which perspectives of patient and analyst differ and reflect their respective psychic realities, each with its own validity and uncertainty and openness to unconscious needs, fantasies and motives.
作者探讨了心理现实的本质与发展，并得出以下结论：（1）心理现实等同于主观（意识）觉知。（2）心理现实在内容和动机方面都容易受到无意识影响。因此，心理现实并不等同于无意识幻想或移情，但可能包含两者的影响。（3）心理现实也可以包括客观体验。（4）内部心理体验的能力以及对外部客观现实的认知是早期发展起来的体验模式，并通过整合性游戏实现逐渐整合。（5）心理体验，进而心理现实，不能被视为完全主观或客观的，而是本质上兼具两者。主观性并不排除或排斥客观性的方式得到了讨论，并与过渡性体验相关联。（6）心理体验的固有主观性排除了任何形式的直接主体间交流，即主体与主体之间的无中介交流。主观性和客观性的张力在分析情境中得到讨论，在这种情境中，患者和分析师的观点不同，反映了他们各自的心理现实，每个心理现实都有其自身的有效性、不确定性以及对无意识需求、幻想和动机的开放性。
