Hart M
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2000 Dec;11(6):411-8. doi: 10.1006/scdb.2000.0194.
Phylogenies based on morphological or molecular characters have been used to provide an evolutionary context for analysis of larval evolution. Studies of gastropods, bivalves, tunicates, sea stars, sea urchins, and polychaetes have revealed massive parallel evolution of similar larval forms. Some of these studies were designed to test, and have rejected, the species selection hypothesis for evolutionary trends in the frequency of derived larvae or life history traits. However, the lack of well supported models of larval character evolution leave some doubt about the quality of inferences of larval evolution from phylogenies of living taxa. Better models based on maximum likelihood methods and known prior probabilities of larval character state changes will improve our understanding of the history of larval evolution.
基于形态学或分子特征的系统发育学已被用于为幼虫进化分析提供进化背景。对腹足纲动物、双壳纲动物、被囊动物、海星、海胆和多毛纲动物的研究揭示了相似幼虫形态的大规模平行进化。其中一些研究旨在检验并否定关于衍生幼虫或生活史特征频率进化趋势的物种选择假说。然而，缺乏得到充分支持的幼虫特征进化模型，这使得人们对从现存分类群的系统发育学推断幼虫进化的质量产生了一些怀疑。基于最大似然法和已知幼虫特征状态变化先验概率的更好模型将增进我们对幼虫进化历史的理解。
