Lambert S B, Morgan M L, Riddell M A, Andrews R M, Kelly H A, Leydon J A, Catton M C, Lynch P A, Gercovich D K, Lester R A, Carnie J A, Rouch G J
Department of Human Services, Melbourne, VIC.
Med J Aust. 2000 Nov 6;173(9):467-71. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139297.x.
To describe an outbreak of measles in Victoria.
Case series with cases identified through enhanced passive surveillance and outbreak-related active surveillance.
State of Victoria, 1999.
Number of cases; epidemiological links and patterns of transmission; patient demographic features and vaccination status; complications.
75 cases were identified (74 laboratory-confirmed; and one epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case), with onset between 11 February and 2 May 1999. The first case was in a 21-year-old woman who had recently holidayed in Bali and worked at a large cinema complex in Melbourne. Sixteen cases occurred in people who had contact with the index case at the cinema on one evening. The outbreak spread to regional Victoria and South Australia. Median age of patients was 22 years; 64 (85%) were born between 1968 and 1981, with only one patient in the age group targeted by the primary school component of the 1998 Australian Measles Control Campaign; this child had not been vaccinated. More than a third of patients (28) were hospitalised (total, 97 inpatient days), and five were healthcare workers.
This outbreak was caused by international importation of measles virus. It highlights the change in epidemiology of measles in Australia, from a disease of childhood to one predominantly affecting young adults. A strong two-dose childhood vaccination program, vigilant surveillance, and rapid response to outbreaks will continue to be the basis of measles control, but better protection for young adults should be considered.
描述维多利亚州的一次麻疹暴发疫情。
通过强化被动监测和与疫情相关的主动监测来确定病例的病例系列研究。
1999年的维多利亚州。
病例数；流行病学关联及传播模式；患者人口统计学特征和疫苗接种状况；并发症。
共确定75例病例（74例经实验室确诊；1例在流行病学上与1例实验室确诊病例相关联），发病时间为1999年2月11日至5月2日。首例病例是一名21岁女性，她最近在巴厘岛度假，之后在墨尔本一家大型电影院工作。16例病例发生在某天晚上在电影院与首例病例有接触的人员中。此次疫情蔓延至维多利亚州其他地区和南澳大利亚州。患者的中位年龄为22岁；64例（85%）出生于1968年至1981年之间，在1998年澳大利亚麻疹控制运动小学阶段目标年龄组中仅有1例患者；该儿童未接种疫苗。超过三分之一的患者（28例）住院治疗（总计97个住院日），其中5例为医护人员。
此次疫情是由麻疹病毒的国际输入引起的。它凸显了澳大利亚麻疹流行病学的变化，即从一种儿童疾病转变为主要影响年轻人的疾病。强有力的两剂次儿童疫苗接种计划、警惕的监测以及对疫情的快速反应仍将是麻疹控制的基础，但应考虑为年轻人提供更好的保护。
