Pytel' Iu A, Borisov V V
Urologiia. 1999 Jul-Aug(4):21-6.
Rhythmic changes produced by impulse waves, respiratory and other movements are able to convert mechanical energy of the urine in the pelvis to electric energy because urine is a high-concentration electrolyte. With filling and extension of the pelvic wall, when epithelial coating is transforming from multilayer to one-layer, its resistance to electric current lowers. Growing pelvic volume in the course of the pelvis filling is accompanied by increasing electrical potential in the pelvic wall in parallel with a decline in urothelial resistance. Accumulation of electrochemical potential in the submucous layer and interstitial intermuscular spaces is a powerful stimulator of the neuromuscular elements of the urinary tracts. Their rhythmic engagement is controlled by baroreceptor pelvic mechanisms and distal urinary tracts. Such a pace-maker is functional. It does not need special morphological structures, as its activity is determined by electrochemical potential accumulated rhythmically in the wall. This potential depends on composition and properties of the urine which are related to renal functions and homeostasis.
由冲动波、呼吸及其他运动产生的节律性变化能够将肾盂内尿液的机械能转化为电能，因为尿液是一种高浓度电解质。随着肾盂壁的充盈和扩张，当上皮覆盖层从多层转变为单层时，其对电流的阻力降低。在肾盂充盈过程中肾盂容积的增加伴随着肾盂壁电势的升高，同时尿路上皮阻力下降。黏膜下层和肌间间隙中电化学电位的积累是尿路神经肌肉元件的强大刺激因素。它们的节律性参与受肾盂压力感受器机制和远端尿路控制。这样一个起搏器是有功能的。它不需要特殊的形态结构，因为其活动由肾盂壁中有节律地积累的电化学电位决定。这种电位取决于与肾功能和内环境稳定相关的尿液成分和特性。
