Complications of central venous catheterization.

The complications of central venous catheterization are discussed in a review of experience and of the literature. The anatomy surrounding the subclavian and internal jugular veins is described. Indications and contraindications of catheterization are reported. Common and unusual complications are discussed and illustrated. Laceration of pleura, subclavian artery puncture, hematoma, catheter malposition, fragment embolization, air embolism, venous thrombosis, and infection are included. The radiologist is responsible for recognizing immediate, as well as delayed, complications of central venous catheterization.