Kaushik N, Agnihotri A
Bioresources and Biotechnology Division, TERI, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2000 Dec;28(6):581-3.
Rapeseed-mustard is one of the most economically important oilseed crops in India. Speciality oils having high amounts of a specific fatty acid are of immense importance for both nutritional and industrial purposes. Oil high in oleic acid has demand in commercial food-service applications due to a long shelf-life and cholesterol-reducing properties. Both linoleic and linolenic acids are essential fatty acids; however, less than 3% linolenic acid is preferred for oil stability. High erucic acid content is beneficial for the polymer industry, whereas low erucic acid is recommended for food purposes. Therefore, it is important to undertake systematic characterization of the available gene pool for its variable fatty acid profile to be utilized for specific purposes. In the present study the Indian rapeseed-mustard germplasm and some newly developed low-erucic-acid strains were analysed by GLC to study the fatty acid composition in these lines. The GLC analysis revealed that the rapeseed-mustard varieties being commonly grown in India are characterized by high erucic acid content (30-51%) in the oil with low levels of oleic acid (13-23%). However, from among the recently developed low-erucic-acid strains, several lines were identified with comparatively high oleic acid (60-70%), moderate to high linoleic acid (13-40%) and low linolenic acid (< 10%) contents. Work is in progress at TERI (New Delhi, India) to utilize these lines for development of strains with particular fatty acid compositions for specific purposes.
油菜籽芥末是印度最重要的经济油料作物之一。含有大量特定脂肪酸的特种油对营养和工业用途都极为重要。高油酸含量的油由于保质期长和具有降低胆固醇的特性，在商业食品服务应用中有需求。亚油酸和亚麻酸都是必需脂肪酸；然而，为了保证油的稳定性，亚麻酸含量低于3%更佳。高芥酸含量对聚合物工业有益，而低芥酸则推荐用于食品用途。因此，对现有的基因库进行系统表征，以利用其可变的脂肪酸谱用于特定目的，这一点很重要。在本研究中，通过气相色谱法（GLC）分析了印度油菜籽芥末种质和一些新培育的低芥酸品系，以研究这些品系中的脂肪酸组成。气相色谱分析表明，印度普遍种植的油菜籽芥末品种的特点是油中芥酸含量高（30 - 51%），油酸含量低（13 - 23%）。然而，在最近培育的低芥酸品系中，鉴定出了几个品系，其油酸含量相对较高（60 - 70%），亚油酸含量中等至高（13 - 40%），亚麻酸含量低（< 10%）。印度新德里的能源与资源研究所（TERI）正在开展工作，利用这些品系培育具有特定脂肪酸组成的菌株，以满足特定目的。
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