Delp S L, Suryanarayanan S, Murray W M, Uhlir J, Triolo R J
Biomechanical Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3030, USA.
J Biomech. 2001 Mar;34(3):371-5. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00202-5.
Quantitative descriptions of muscle architecture are needed to characterize the force-generating capabilities of muscles. This study reports the architecture of three major trunk muscles: the rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, and three columns of the erector spinae (spinalis thoracis, longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis lumborum). Musculotendon lengths, muscle lengths, fascicle lengths, sarcomere lengths, pennation angles, and muscle masses were measured in five cadavers. Optimal fascicle lengths (the fascicle length at which the muscle generates maximum force) and physiologic cross-sectional areas (the ratio of muscle volume to optimal fascicle length) were computed from these measurements. The rectus abdominis had the longest fascicles of the muscles studied, with a mean (S.D.) optimal fascicle length of 28.3 (4.2)cm. The three columns of the erector spinae had mean optimal fascicle lengths that ranged from 6.4 (0.6)cm in the spinalis thoracis to 14.2 (2.1)cm in the iliocostalis lumborum. The proximal portion of the quadratus lumborum had a mean optimal fascicle length of 8.5 (1.5)cm and the distal segment of this muscle had a mean optimal fascicle length of 5.6 (0.9)cm. The physiologic cross-sectional area of the rectus abdominis was 2.6 (0.9)cm(2), the combined physiologic cross-sectional area of the erector spinae was 11.6 (1.8)cm(2), and the physiologic cross-sectional area of the quadratus lumborum was 2.8 (0.5)cm(2). These data provide the basis for estimation of the force-generating potential of these muscles.
为了描述肌肉的力量产生能力，需要对肌肉结构进行定量描述。本研究报告了三块主要躯干肌肉的结构：腹直肌、腰大肌以及竖脊肌的三列肌肉（胸段棘肌、胸段最长肌和腰段髂肋肌）。在五具尸体上测量了肌肉肌腱长度、肌肉长度、肌束长度、肌节长度、羽状角和肌肉质量。根据这些测量结果计算出最佳肌束长度（肌肉产生最大力量时的肌束长度）和生理横截面积（肌肉体积与最佳肌束长度的比值）。在所研究的肌肉中，腹直肌的肌束最长，平均（标准差）最佳肌束长度为28.3（4.2）厘米。竖脊肌的三列肌肉平均最佳肌束长度范围从胸段棘肌的6.4（0.6）厘米到腰段髂肋肌的14.2（2.1）厘米。腰大肌近端部分的平均最佳肌束长度为8.5（1.5）厘米，该肌肉远端部分的平均最佳肌束长度为5.6（0.9）厘米。腹直肌的生理横截面积为2.6（0.9）平方厘米，竖脊肌的联合生理横截面积为11.6（1.8）平方厘米，腰大肌的生理横截面积为2.8（0.5）平方厘米。这些数据为估算这些肌肉的力量产生潜力提供了依据。
