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意大利的疟疾流行病学情况及意大利旅行者疟疾发病率评估。

Malaria epidemiological situation in Italy and evaluation of malaria incidence in Italian travelers.

作者信息

Romi R, Sabatinelli G, Majori G

机构信息

Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanit , Roma, Italy.

出版信息

J Travel Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):6-11. doi: 10.2310/7060.2001.5140.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Malaria was endemic throughout the country until it was eradicated nearly 50 years ago. Since then, mainly imported malaria cases have been reported to the National Health Service, with an increasing trend. The aim of this study was to present a detailed analysis of the current epidemiological situation of malaria in Italy, and to make a first attempt to calculate the incidence of malaria in Italian international travelers.

METHODS

An archive of confirmed malaria cases is available at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), the National Institute of Health of Italy, based on the mandatory report system. Data from each case report reported to the ISS from 1989 to 1997 have been analyzed. An evaluation of malaria incidence in Italian travelers has been also performed for the same period, based on the statistics provided by the Ministry of Transport.

RESULTS

From 1989 to 1997, a total of 5,898 microscopically confirmed malaria cases have been reported. Of these, 5,773 (97.9%) were imported cases, 106 cases (1.8%) were relapses of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale infections, and 19 cases (0.3%) occurred in subjects who had never been out of Italy. During the period of study, 55 deaths due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria were reported, with a mean fatality rate of 1.2%. Malaria incidence in Italians who traveled to Africa was estimated to be 1.5/1000. These figures appeared to be 10-20 and 30-40 times greater than that recorded in travelers to Asia (0.11/1000) and Central-South America (0.04/1000) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

From 1989 to 1997, there has been a remarkable increase in the total number of imported malaria cases in Italy, which reached a peak of more than 800 cases/year in 1997. A constant increase in the number of cases affecting foreigners has been reported, while the cases among Italians have remained stable. From 1989 to 1997 the number of Italian intercontinental travelers has nearly doubled, but malaria incidence has remained quite stable.

摘要

背景

疟疾在该国曾是地方病,直到近50年前被根除。自那时以来,向国家卫生服务部门报告的主要是输入性疟疾病例,且呈上升趋势。本研究的目的是详细分析意大利当前疟疾的流行病学情况,并首次尝试计算意大利国际旅行者中的疟疾发病率。

方法

基于强制报告系统,意大利国家卫生研究所(Istituto Superiore di Sanità,ISS)有一个确诊疟疾病例的档案库。对1989年至1997年向ISS报告的每份病例报告数据进行了分析。还根据交通运输部提供的统计数据,对同一时期意大利旅行者中的疟疾发病率进行了评估。

结果

1989年至1997年,共报告了5898例经显微镜确诊的疟疾病例。其中,5773例(97.9%)为输入性病例,106例(1.8%)为间日疟原虫或卵形疟原虫感染的复发病例,19例(0.3%)发生在从未出过意大利的人身上。在研究期间,报告了55例因恶性疟原虫疟疾死亡的病例,平均死亡率为1.2%。前往非洲的意大利人中疟疾发病率估计为1.5/1000。这些数字分别比前往亚洲(0.11/1000)和中南美洲(0.04/1000)的旅行者中记录的发病率高10 - 20倍和30 - 40倍。

结论

1989年至1997年,意大利输入性疟疾病例总数显著增加,1997年达到每年800多例的峰值。据报告,感染外国人的病例数持续增加,而意大利人当中的病例数保持稳定。1989年至1997年,意大利洲际旅行者人数几乎翻了一番,但疟疾发病率一直相当稳定。

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