Relationship of objective score, perceptual trace, and practice method in learning to balance.

The relationship of the perceptual trace to the objective score (raw score) under three practice conditions was the main concern of this study. Three groups of 14 Ss performed 35 trials on a stabilometer balancing task. Ss were asked to estimate how well they did after each trial. The difference between S's actual score and his guess was used as a measure of the perceptual trace. While performance and time estimations improved with practice, they correlated very low. The results were discussed in the context of Adams' closed-loop theory and gave mixed support for the theory.