Kuczmarski R J, Ogden C L, Grummer-Strawn L M, Flegal K M, Guo S S, Wei R, Mei Z, Curtin L R, Roche A F, Johnson C L
Adv Data. 2000 Jun 8(314):1-27.
This report presents the revised growth charts for the United States. It summarizes the history of the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts, reasons for the revision, data sources and statistical procedures used, and major features of the revised charts.
Data from five national health examination surveys collected from 1963 to 1994 and five supplementary data sources were combined to establish an analytic growth chart data set. A variety of statistical procedures were used to produce smoothed percentile curves for infants (from birth to 36 months) and older children (from 2 to 20 years), using a two-stage approach. Initial curve smoothing for selected major percentiles was accomplished with various parametric and nonparametric procedures. In the second stage, a normalization procedure was used to generate z-scores that closely match the smoothed percentile curves.
The 14 NCHS growth charts were revised and new body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) charts were created for boys and girls (http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts). The growth percentile curves for infants and children are based primarily on national survey data. Use of national data ensures a smooth transition from the charts for infants to those for older children. These data better represent the racial/ethnic diversity and the size and growth patterns of combined breast- and formula-fed infants in the United States. New features include addition of the 3rd and 97th percentiles for all charts and extension of all charts for children and adolescents to age 20 years.
Created with improved data and statistical curve smoothing procedures, the United States growth charts represent an enhanced instrument to evaluate the size and growth of infants and children.
本报告展示了美国修订后的生长图表。它总结了1977年美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）生长图表的历史、修订原因、所使用的数据来源和统计程序，以及修订后图表的主要特征。
将1963年至1994年收集的五项全国健康检查调查数据和五项补充数据来源相结合，以建立一个分析性生长图表数据集。采用了多种统计程序，分两个阶段为婴儿（从出生到36个月）和大龄儿童（从2岁到20岁）生成平滑百分位数曲线。对选定的主要百分位数进行初始曲线平滑是通过各种参数和非参数程序完成的。在第二阶段，使用归一化程序生成与平滑百分位数曲线紧密匹配的z分数。
修订了14张NCHS生长图表，并为男孩和女孩创建了新的年龄别体重指数（BMI-for-age）图表（http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts）。婴儿和儿童的生长百分位数曲线主要基于全国调查数据。使用全国数据可确保从婴儿图表到大龄儿童图表的平稳过渡。这些数据能更好地体现美国种族/族裔的多样性以及母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿的综合规模和生长模式。新特征包括在所有图表中增加了第3和第97百分位数，并将所有儿童和青少年图表的年龄范围扩展到20岁。
美国生长图表利用改进的数据和统计曲线平滑程序创建，是评估婴儿和儿童规模及生长情况的更有效工具。
