An unusual case of double tuberculous broncho-oesophageal fistulas in an adult.

Broncho-oesophageal fistula associated with tuberculosis is rarely reported in the literature and has not been reported in Hong Kong. We describe a 30-year-old Chinese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative man with double tuberculous broncho-oesophageal fistulas proven by histology. Constitutional symptoms of active tuberculosis were absent and chest radiograph did not show an obvious lung lesion. Our case shows that broncho-oesophageal fistula can be the sole manifestation of active tuberculosis and that the diagnosis should be suspected in patients who are seen with chronic respiratory symptoms in areas where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high.