Rybakin V S
St. Petersburg State University.
Tsitologiia. 2000;42(10):937-43.
True multicellularity is characterized by complex interactions between individual cells of the organism as well as by organization of cell masses into spatially and functionally determined structures promoting the exchange of information. Morphogenetic processes--genetically programmed generation of structures--always correlate with determination and maintenance of a pattern, i.e. a system of spatial relationships between them. Hydroid polyps provide a wide variety of approaches to study morphogenesis and patterning. Being comparatively simply organized, these animals have nevertheless certain developed mechanisms underlaying such processes as regeneration of missing structures, recovery of normal pattern after dissociation of polyps into single cells, tissue transdifferentiation in non-complementary chimaeras. An important feature of regeneration of hydroid polyps is its independence of the nerve net elements; the basis for regeneration is rather stored in epithelial cells and in their interactions. Phenomenological data, provided in the XVIII-XX centuries, allowed to propose several theoretical models of pattern regulation in hydra. The main goal of this paper is to review contemporary models of morphogenesis and patterning in the hydroid polyps.
真正的多细胞生物的特征在于生物体单个细胞之间的复杂相互作用，以及细胞团组织成促进信息交换的空间和功能确定的结构。形态发生过程——结构的基因编程生成——总是与模式的确定和维持相关，即它们之间的空间关系系统。水螅虫提供了多种研究形态发生和模式形成的方法。这些动物虽然组织相对简单，但仍具有某些发达的机制，这些机制是诸如缺失结构的再生、水螅虫解离成单个细胞后正常模式的恢复、非互补嵌合体中的组织转分化等过程的基础。水螅虫再生的一个重要特征是其独立于神经网元件；再生的基础更多地存在于上皮细胞及其相互作用中。18至20世纪提供的现象学数据使得能够提出几种关于水螅模式调节的理论模型。本文的主要目的是综述水螅虫形态发生和模式形成的当代模型。
