[Training of Polish physicians in rhinolaryngology in XIX century Vienna].

The eminent Viennese rhinolaryngologists in the XIX century were: Leopold Schroetter, Karl Stoerk, Johann Schnitzler, Ottokar Chiari, Markus Hajek and others. Stroerk, the pupil of Ludwig Türck was a head of rhinolaryngological clinic since 1891, he was also the author of valuable papers, among other things on rhinoscleroma. Schnitzler, the assistant of Johann R. von Oppolzer was a head of Viennese polyclinic. The therapeutical nihilism in Viennese clinics is mentioned. Ottokar Chiari, the assistant of Schroetter was an eminent rhinolaryngologist. Markus Hajek was a head of otorhinolarynoglogical clinic in Vienna performed in 1919. Theodor Billroth, professor of surgery in Vienna was the first to remove the larynx for cancer in 1873.