Tabar A I, Lizaso M T, García B E, Echechipía S, Olaguibel J M, Rodríguez A
Department of Allergy, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2000 Nov-Dec;10(6):327-33.
We studied the safety of immunotherapy with an Alternaria extract in patients with rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The few studies that have investigated immunotherapy with mold allergens suggest that they cause adverse reactions more frequently than do other extracts. All treatments prescribed by our allergology service with Alternaria immunotherapy between 1988 and 1996 were recorded and analyzed. In all cases a biologically standardized depot extract of Alternaria tenuis containing 5 BU/ml was used according to a conventional immunotherapy schedule. During the study period 129 patients received immunotherapy with Alternaria extract. Of the 3,892 doses given, 1.95% led to adverse reactions, which occurred in 39.5% of the patients. Most of the adverse reactions were systemic and mild, and reproduced the underlying disease. The risk of adverse reactions was significantly higher in children, patients with asthma, and during the initial phase of treatment. Patients who suffered from adverse reactions had a significantly higher level of total and specific IgE. It was concluded that tolerance of Alternaria mold extract was worse than for other allergenic extracts, although most reactions recorded were mild. The risk of adverse reactions was greater in children and patients with asthma, and during the initial phase of immunotherapy.
我们研究了链格孢提取物免疫疗法在鼻炎和支气管哮喘患者中的安全性。少数几项针对霉菌变应原免疫疗法的研究表明，与其他提取物相比，它们更常引起不良反应。我们记录并分析了1988年至1996年间过敏科采用链格孢免疫疗法所开出的所有治疗方案。在所有病例中，均按照传统免疫疗法方案使用每毫升含5个生物单位的生物标准化链格孢贮藏提取物。在研究期间，129例患者接受了链格孢提取物免疫疗法。在总共注射的3892剂中，1.95%引发了不良反应，39.5%的患者出现了不良反应。大多数不良反应为全身性且症状较轻，与基础疾病症状相似。儿童、哮喘患者以及治疗初期出现不良反应的风险显著更高。出现不良反应的患者总IgE和特异性IgE水平显著更高。研究得出结论，尽管记录到的大多数反应较轻，但链格孢霉菌提取物的耐受性比其他变应原提取物更差。儿童、哮喘患者以及免疫治疗初期出现不良反应的风险更大。
