Mochizuki Y, Patel A K, Banerjee A, Patel A R, Pandian N G
Division of Cardiology, Tufts-New England Medical Center Hospitals, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Cardiol Rev. 1999 Sep-Oct;7(5):270-6. doi: 10.1097/00045415-199909000-00011.
Before the introduction of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the operating room, intraoperative echocardiography relied on epicardial imaging. The disadvantages of this approach included interference with the surgical procedure, limited windows, and potential distortion of cardiac structures. Consequently, multiplane TEE has now emerged as the intraoperative imaging method of choice. It provides high-resolution images of cardiac structures and excellent portraits of flow abnormalities. Intraoperative TEE does not interfere with the surgical field and procedure. TEE provides better imaging of the valves, atria, aorta, pulmonic vasculature, and pericardium, which are sometimes difficult to visualize by transthoracic echocardiography. TEE is especially beneficial in surgeries for valve replacement, valve repair, cardiac mass, aortic disease, congenital heart disease, and pericardial disease. Presurgical TEE provides information for surgical planning. TEE is helpful for the assessment of the immediate result of surgery and detection of complications that may need a prompt response. Thus, intraoperative TEE has a vital impact on management of cardiac surgery.
在手术室引入经食管超声心动图（TEE）之前，术中超声心动图依赖于心外膜成像。这种方法的缺点包括干扰手术操作、窗口有限以及心脏结构可能出现变形。因此，多平面TEE现已成为术中成像的首选方法。它能提供心脏结构的高分辨率图像以及血流异常的清晰图像。术中TEE不会干扰手术视野和操作。TEE能更好地显示瓣膜、心房、主动脉、肺血管系统和心包，而这些结构有时经胸超声心动图难以清晰显示。TEE在瓣膜置换、瓣膜修复、心脏肿物、主动脉疾病、先天性心脏病和心包疾病的手术中特别有用。术前TEE可为手术规划提供信息。TEE有助于评估手术的即时结果以及检测可能需要迅速处理的并发症。因此，术中TEE对心脏手术的管理有着至关重要的影响。
