Wosje K S, Specker B L, Giddens J
E. A. Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007-3503, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2001 Jan;101(1):53-6. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00015-3.
To determine whether consumption of 2% milk during the second year of life leads to reduced growth or lower percentage body fat compared with consumption of whole milk.
Subjects were healthy toddlers who participated in a larger trial examining the effects of the timing of introduction of solid foods on growth.
Three-day diet diaries, anthropometric measurements, and body composition determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were assessed at 12, 18, and 24 months of age. At age 12 months, the toddlers were similar in length, weight, percentage body fat, and total energy intake. From 12 to 24 months of age, milk consumption consisted of whole milk exclusively in one group (n = 23) and 2% milk exclusively in another group (n = 28).
Differences between the 2 groups in anthropometric measurements, changes in anthropometric measurements, and dietary intakes were determined by Student t tests. Mean differences were considered significant at the P = .05 level. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation.
Despite lower intakes of total fat and saturated fat in the 2% milk group, there were no differences in height, weight, and percentage body fat. Total energy intake was not reduced in the 2% milk group.
Reductions in total fat and saturated fat intake in toddlers can be achieved through the use of 2% milk without compromising growth.
确定与饮用全脂牛奶相比，在生命的第二年饮用2%脂肪含量的牛奶是否会导致生长减缓或体脂百分比降低。
研究对象为健康的幼儿，他们参与了一项更大规模的试验，该试验考察了固体食物引入时间对生长的影响。
在12、18和24个月龄时评估了三日饮食日记、人体测量数据以及通过双能X线吸收法测定的身体成分。在12个月龄时，这些幼儿在身高、体重、体脂百分比和总能量摄入方面相似。从12个月到24个月龄，一组（n = 23）只饮用全脂牛奶，另一组（n = 28）只饮用2%脂肪含量的牛奶。
通过学生t检验确定两组在人体测量数据、人体测量数据变化和饮食摄入量方面的差异。在P = 0.05水平上，平均差异被认为具有统计学意义。数据以平均值±标准差表示。
尽管2%脂肪含量牛奶组的总脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量较低，但在身高、体重和体脂百分比方面没有差异。2%脂肪含量牛奶组的总能量摄入没有减少。
通过饮用2%脂肪含量的牛奶，可以在不影响生长的情况下减少幼儿的总脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量。
