Grüning T, Zöphel K, Wunderlich G, Franke W G
Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technischen Universität Dresden.
Med Klin (Munich). 2001 Jan 15;96(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/pl00002147.
Germany is a known area of goitre endemicity. In East Germany (former German Democratic Republic), iodization of pre-packed table salt was introduced in 1985 and was only abolished after German reunification in 1990. Public awareness campaigns have concentrated on the use of iodized salt in the products of bakers and butchers as well as canned and frozen food since. Reports in the literature give figures of goitre prevalence (13 to 69%) inconsistent with each other and with our own clinical experience (about 30%).
We undertook a prospective cross-sectional study with a non randomly selected population (craftsmen and -women) covering Saxony in 1996, 1,129 and 1,594 adults were examined in 1996 and 1997, respectively, using a questionnaire, ultrasound, and measurement of urinary iodine excretion (1996 only).
We found the following (mean) results in men/women in 1996: thyroid volume 23.0 +/- 1.3/17.1 +/- 1.5 ml, prevalence of goitre 32.1/31.3%, prevalence of thyroid nodules 21.1/23.0%, urinary iodine excretion (per creatinine) 86.4 +/- 1.3/104 +/- 24.1 nmol/mmol (97.1 +/- 1.4/117 +/- 27.1 micrograms/g). In 1997 the results were as follows: thyroid volume 20.9 +/- 1.2/15.7 +/- 2.1 ml, prevalence of goitre 25.6/23.6%, prevalence of thyroid nodules 16.4/19.8%.
Whilst goitre and iodine deficiency are still endemic in Saxony, both have been improving despite the abolition of general table salt iodization.
德国是已知的甲状腺肿流行地区。在东德（前德意志民主共和国），1985年开始对预包装食盐进行碘化处理，1990年德国统一后才废除。此后，公众宣传活动集中在面包师和屠夫的产品以及罐装和冷冻食品中使用加碘盐。文献报道的甲状腺肿患病率（13%至69%）相互矛盾，也与我们自己的临床经验（约30%）不符。
1996年，我们对萨克森州一个非随机选择的人群（手工艺工人）进行了一项前瞻性横断面研究，1996年和1997年分别有1129名和1594名成年人接受检查，采用问卷调查、超声检查以及尿碘排泄量测量（仅1996年）。
1996年，我们在男性/女性中发现以下（均值）结果：甲状腺体积23.0±1.3/17.1±1.5毫升，甲状腺肿患病率32.1/31.3%，甲状腺结节患病率21.1/23.0%，尿碘排泄量（每肌酐）86.4±1.3/104±24.1纳摩尔/毫摩尔（97.1±1.4/117±27.1微克/克）。1997年的结果如下：甲状腺体积20.9±1.2/15.7±2.1毫升，甲状腺肿患病率25.6/23.6%，甲状腺结节患病率16.4/19.8%。
虽然甲状腺肿和碘缺乏在萨克森州仍然流行，但尽管废除了普通食盐碘化，两者情况都在改善。
