Landstad B, Vinberg S, Ivergård T, Gelin G, Ekholm J
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ergonomics. 2001 Jan 15;44(1):63-81. doi: 10.1080/00140130117504.
The aim was to investigate whether a preventive intervention carried out in a predominantly female workplace, that of hospital cleaners (consisting of a group of 97 women), had any effect on patterns of absenteeism. As a background, a model for analysing complex patterns of absenteeism, including sickness absences, was also developed. A further aim was to study the interactions between different forms of absenteeism. Comparison was made with a reference group consisting of employees in the same job category who only received the customary personnel support. For individuals in the intervention group who were < 42 years of age, total absence due to sickness decreased. In a multiple regression analysis, the contribution from the intervention to the decrease was significant at the 5% level. This change was particularly obvious in those who had a previous history of high absence due to sickness. No clear relationship was shown between short-term absenteeism and the interventions applied. For those who were > 42 years, short-term absence decreased for those who had been in the same jobs for a long time. The combination of increased age and experience showed a tendency to enhance this decline in short-term absenteeism due to sickness. For those > 42 years, and who at the same time have a previous history of high absenteeism, long-term absenteeism due to sickness seemed to be increasing. Increased experience tended to reduce this increase in long-term sickness absence. This combination of different effects possibly indicated the presence of a process of selection which determined who remained in the job as opposed to those who did not. An important conclusion is that different forms of absenteeism need to be looked at in parallel, and at the same time multivariate statistical analysis needs to be carried out to determine the different interactions between the factors.
目的是调查在以女性为主的工作场所（医院清洁工岗位，由97名女性组成）实施的预防性干预措施是否对旷工模式有任何影响。作为背景，还开发了一种分析旷工复杂模式（包括因病缺勤）的模型。另一个目的是研究不同形式旷工之间的相互作用。将其与一个参照组进行比较，该参照组由从事相同工作类别但仅接受常规人事支持的员工组成。对于干预组中年龄小于42岁的个体，因病缺勤总数有所下降。在多元回归分析中，干预措施对这种下降的贡献在5%水平上具有显著性。这种变化在那些以前因病缺勤率高的人身上尤为明显。短期旷工与所实施的干预措施之间未显示出明确的关系。对于年龄大于42岁的人，长期从事相同工作的人的短期缺勤有所减少。年龄增长和经验积累相结合显示出一种趋势，即会增强因病导致的短期旷工的下降。对于年龄大于42岁且同时有高旷工史的人，因病导致的长期旷工似乎在增加。经验增加往往会减少长期病假缺勤的这种增加。这些不同影响的组合可能表明存在一种选择过程，该过程决定了哪些人留了下来继续工作，哪些人则没有。一个重要的结论是，需要同时并行审视不同形式的旷工，并且需要进行多变量统计分析以确定各因素之间的不同相互作用。
