Elvevåg B, Weinberger D R, Goldberg T E
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2001 Jan;15(1):128-35. doi: 10.1037//0894-4105.15.1.128.
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been associated with working memory problems. Schizophrenic patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 29) participated in simple short-term memory tasks, recalling a list of letters from the first to last item in the order of presentation. The authors hypothesized that deficient sequential representations would increase movement errors (e.g., ABCD being recalled as ABDC) or intrusion errors (e.g., ABCD being recalled as ABCX), whereas simple trace decay would lead to omission errors (e.g., ABCD being recalled as ABC_). Patients made disproportionately more omissions toward the end of 6-item lists. There were no group differences in movements or intrusions as a function of serial position. Schizophrenic patients' limited short-term memory span may be due to greater forgetting during recall and not to a selective deficit in the mechanisms responsible for maintaining serial order information.
精神分裂症中的认知缺陷与工作记忆问题有关。精神分裂症患者（n = 24）和对照组（n = 29）参与了简单的短期记忆任务，按照呈现顺序回忆一系列字母，从第一个到最后一个项目。作者假设，顺序表征不足会增加移动错误（例如，将ABCD回忆为ABDC）或侵入错误（例如，将ABCD回忆为ABCX），而简单的痕迹衰退会导致遗漏错误（例如，将ABCD回忆为ABC_）。患者在6项列表末尾出现的遗漏错误比例过高。在移动或侵入方面，不存在作为序列位置函数的组间差异。精神分裂症患者有限的短期记忆跨度可能是由于回忆过程中遗忘更多，而不是负责维持序列顺序信息的机制存在选择性缺陷。
