Driss T, Vandewalle H, Quièvre J, Miller C, Monod H
Laboratoire de Physiologie du Travail et du Sport, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Paris VI, France.
J Sports Sci. 2001 Feb;19(2):99-105. doi: 10.1080/026404101300036271.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of external loading on power output during a squat jump on a force platform in athletes specializing in strength and power events (6 elite weight-lifters and 16 volleyball players) and in 20 sedentary individuals. Instantaneous power was computed from time-force curves during vertical jumps with and without an external load (0, 5 or 10 kg worn in a special vest). The jumps were performed from a squat position, without lower limb counter-movement or an arm swing. Peak instantaneous power corresponded to the highest value of instantaneous power during jumping. Average power throughout the push phase of the jump was also calculated. A two-way analysis of variance showed significant interactions between the load and group effects for peak instantaneous power (P< 0.01) and average power (P< 0.001). Peak instantaneous power decreased significantly in sedentary individuals when moderate external loads were added. The peak instantaneous power at 0 kg was greater than that at 5 and 10 kg in the sedentary individuals. In contrast, peak instantaneous power was independent of load in the strength and power athletes. Mean power at 0 kg was significantly lower than at 5 kg in the athletes; at 0 kg it was significantly higher than at 10 kg in the sedentary males and at 5 and 10 kg in the sedentary females. In all groups, the force corresponding to peak instantaneous power increased and the velocity corresponding to peak instantaneous power decreased with external loading. The present results suggest that the effects of external loading on peak instantaneous power are not significant in strength and power athletes provided that the loads do not prevent peak velocity from being higher than the velocity that is optimal for maximal power output.
本研究旨在确定外部负荷对从事力量和功率项目的运动员（6名精英举重运动员和16名排球运动员）以及20名久坐不动者在测力平台上进行深蹲跳时功率输出的影响。通过垂直跳过程中的时间-力曲线计算有无外部负荷（穿着特殊背心佩戴0、5或10千克重物）时的瞬时功率。跳跃从深蹲姿势开始，下肢无反向运动或手臂摆动。峰值瞬时功率对应跳跃过程中瞬时功率的最高值。还计算了跳跃蹬伸阶段的平均功率。双向方差分析显示，负荷与组效应之间在峰值瞬时功率（P<0.01）和平均功率（P<0.001）方面存在显著交互作用。在久坐不动者中，添加适度外部负荷时峰值瞬时功率显著下降。久坐不动者在0千克负荷时的峰值瞬时功率大于5千克和10千克负荷时的峰值瞬时功率。相反，在力量和功率项目运动员中，峰值瞬时功率与负荷无关。运动员在0千克负荷时的平均功率显著低于5千克负荷时的平均功率；在久坐男性中，0千克负荷时的平均功率显著高于10千克负荷时的平均功率，在久坐女性中，0千克负荷时的平均功率显著高于5千克和10千克负荷时的平均功率。在所有组中，对应峰值瞬时功率的力随外部负荷增加，对应峰值瞬时功率的速度随外部负荷降低。目前的结果表明，只要负荷不阻止峰值速度高于最大功率输出的最佳速度，外部负荷对力量和功率项目运动员的峰值瞬时功率影响不显著。
